高级管理人员适用劳动法的裁判考量——基于193份判决书的实证分析

Judgment on the Application of Labor Law to Senior Managers——An Empirical Analysis Based on 193 Verdicts

单一调整模式下,高级管理人员如何适用劳动法成为司法裁判的难题。对判决书统计的结果表明,高级管理人员适用劳动法呈现出差异化的样态,即高级管理人员的认定标准模糊、高级管理人员身份对裁判的影响相异。造成该问题的原因包括高级管理人员弱势地位的不明显,劳动法与商法规范的冲突以及粗放立法模式下法院的消极裁判。在总结地方性规定和司法裁判经验的基础上,推进立法精细化,针对书面劳动合同制度、加班补偿制度等制定特殊豁免规则。裁判者应当注重个案的调适裁判,把握职责为主、薪酬为辅的高级管理人员身份认定标准,并且充分尊重公司的治理权利。

Under the single adjustment mode, it is difficult for courts to apply Labor Law to sen-ior managers when making judicial decisions. Results of the verdicts indicate that, the application oflaw to senior managers trends to be diversified, that is, the disunity in the identification standard ofsenior managers, the differentiation of judicial judgments relying on identities of senior managers,due to the ambiguity of senior managers, weak position, the conflicts between Labor Law and Com-mercial Law, and the default judgments under the extensive legislative models. On the basis of sum-marizing local regulations and judicial experiences, it is necessary to promote the refinement of legis-lation, establish specific exemption rules for the written employment contract system, overtime com-pensation system and so on. The judges should emphasize on the adjustment of specific cases, recog-nize and employ the identification standards of senior managers in line with “focusing on duties, withsalary as a supplement” and fully respect the right of corporations, self-governance.