常见精神药物不良反应的护理分析

Analysis of Nursing of Adverse Reactions of Common Psychoactive Drugs

目的分析护理干预在常见精神药物不良反应管理中的价值。方法 2017年1—6月方便选取该院收治住院患者165例,纳入对照组,常规护理。2018年1—6月该院收治住院患者176例,纳入观察组,进行护理干预,包括预防护理、对症护理。对比不良反应、结局不良事件、用药不良事件、护理满意率。结果观察组中枢神经系统不良反应发生率、不良反应合计发生率、内科疾病发作发生率、结局不良事件发生率分别为3.64%、18.18%、1.82%、3.03%,低于对照组13.64%、32.95%、6.25%、10.80%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=10.614、9.707、4.249、10.80,P=0.001、0.002、0.039、0.005<0.05)。观察组减少剂量、用药不良影响事件合计发生率分别为19.39%、21.82%低于对照组31.82%、38.07%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.866、10.667,P=0.009、0.001<0.05)。观察组患者、医师、家属满意率分别为97.58%、92.73%、97.58%高于对照组86.93%、81.25%、85.80%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=13.233、9.793、15.188,P=0.000、0.002、0.00<0.05)。结论精神药物不良反应发生率较高,常见的不良反应可涉及多个系统,护理干预可以降低不良反应发生风险、危害,获得患者、医生、家属好评。

Objective To analyze the value of adverse reactions of common psychoactive drugs.Methods 165 cases of inpatients admitted and treated in our hospital from January to June 2017 were selected as the control group, using the routine nursing, while 176 cases of inpatients in our hospital from January to June 2018 were convenient selected as the observation group, using the preventive nursing and systematic nursing, and the adverse reactions, outcome adverse evednts, medication adverse events, and nursing satisfactory rate. Results The incidence rate of central nervous system adverse reactions, incidence rate of total adverse reactions, incidence rate of internal medicine disease attack and incidence rate of outcome adverse events in the observation group were lower than those in the control group （3.64%, 18.18%, 1.82%, 3.03% vs 13.64%, 32.95%, 6.25%, 10.80%）, and the differences were statistically significant （χ^2=10.614, 9.707, 4.249, 10.80, P=0.001, 0.002, 0.039, 0.005〈 0.05） , and the incidence rates of reducing dose and medication adverse events in the observation group were lower than those in the control group （19.39%, 21.82% vs 31.82%, 38.07%）, and the differences were statistically significant（χ^2=6.866, 10.667, P=0.009, 0.001〈 0.05） , and the satisfactory rates of patients, physicians and family in the observation group were higher than those in the control group （97.58%, 92.73%, 97.58% vs 86.93%, 81.25%, 85.80%）, and the differences were statistically significant（χ^2=13.233, 9.793, 15.188, P=0.000, 0.002, 0.00〈 0.05） . Conclusion The incidence rate of adverse reactions of psychoactive drugs can reduce the occurrence risk of adverse reactions and risks, and win the recognition of patients, doctors and family.