饲粮中添加亚麻籽对延边黄牛肌肉组织及皮下脂肪中脂肪酸组成及其相关基因表达的影响

Effects of Dietary Flax Seed on Fatty Acid Composition and Related Genes Expression in Muscle Tissue and Subcutaneous Fat of Yanbian Yellow Cattle

本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加亚麻籽对延边黄牛肌肉组织及皮下脂肪中的脂肪酸组成及其相关基因表达的影响。试验选取平均体重480 kg左右的延边黄牛阉牛30只,随机分为3组(n=10),对照组(CON组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加8%整粒亚麻籽(WPS组)和8%破碎亚麻籽(PS组)的试验饲粮。试验结束后屠宰,采集背最长肌及皮下脂肪组织,测定其中脂肪酸组成及相关基因表达情况。预试期10 d,正试期180 d。结果表明:1)与CON组相比,W PS组和PS组的平均日增重和平均日采食量显著提高(P<0.05),但饲料利用率无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)与CON组相比,在肌肉组织中WPS组和PS组饱和脂肪酸C16∶0和C18∶0含量显著下降(P<0.05),单不饱和脂肪酸C18∶1n-9、C18∶2cis-9,trans-11、C18∶2trans-10,cis-12含量显著上升(P<0.05);皮下脂肪中W PS组和PS组单不饱和脂肪酸C18∶ln-9、C18∶2n-6、C18∶2cis-9,trans-11、C18∶3n-3的含量显著上升(P<0.05),饱和脂肪酸C10∶0、C12∶0、C16∶0、C18∶0含量显著下降(P<0.05)。3)与CON组相比,在肌肉组织中W PS组和PS组的G蛋白偶联受体(GPR43)、固醇调节元件结合蛋白(SREBP)、CCAAT增强子结合蛋白α(CEBPα)和CCAAT增强子结合蛋白β(CEBPβ)基因的表达量显著下降(P<0.05);在皮下脂肪中PS组和W PS组的4种基因表达量显著上升(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加亚麻籽可调控延边黄牛肌肉组织及皮下脂肪中脂肪酸组成及相关基因的表达。在本试验条件下,8%破碎亚麻籽(PS组)添加效果更好,有益于延边黄牛生长性能的提高和脂肪代谢的调控。

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary flax seed on the fatty acid composition and related genes expression in the muscle tissue and subcutaneous fat of Yanbian yellow cattle. Thirty Yanbian yellow cattle with an average weight of about 480 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups （ n =10）. The cattle in the control group （CON group） were fed a basal diet and those in the experimental groups were fed the basal diets with 8% whole flax seed （WPS group） and 8% broken flax seed （PS group）, respectively. Cattles were slaughtered after the test, and the longissimus dorsi muscle and subcutaneous fat tissue were collected for detecting the fatty acid composition and related genes expression. The pre-test period was 10 d and the formal test period was 180 d. The results showed as follows： 1） compared with the CON group, average daily gain and average daily feed intake in WPS and PS groups were significantly increased （ P 〈0.05）, but there was no significant difference in the feed efficiency （ P 〉0.05）. 2） Compared with the CON group, in the muscle tissue, the saturated fatty acid contents of C16 ∶ 0 and C18 ∶ 0 in WPS and PS groups were significantly decreased （ P 〈0.05）, while the monounsaturated fatty acids contents of C18 ∶ 1n-9, C18 ∶ 2 cis -9, trans -11, and C18 ∶ 2 trans -10, cis -12 were significantly increased （ P 〈0.05）; in the subcutaneous fat, the monounsaturated fatty acids contents of C18 ∶ ln-9, C18 ∶ 2n-6, C18 ∶ 2 cis -9, trans -11, and C18 ∶ 3n-3 in WPS and PS groups were significantly increased （ P 〈0.05）, while the saturated fatty acid contents of C10 ∶ 0, C12 ∶ 0, C16 ∶ 0, and C18 ∶ 0 were significantly decreased （ P 〈0.05）. 3） Compared with the CON group, in the muscle tissue, the gene expression of G protein-coupled receptor （ GPR43 ）, sterol regulatory element-binding protein （ SREBP ）, CCAAT enhancement α （ CEBPα ）, and CCAAT enhancement β （ CEBPβ ） in WPS and PS groups were significantly decreased （ P 〈0.05）; in the subcutaneous fat, those 4 genes expression were significantly increased （ P 〈0.05）. Therefore, dietary flax seed can regulate the fatty acid composition and related gene expression in the muscle tissue and subcutaneous fat of Yanbian yellow cattle. Under this experimental condition, adding 8% broken flax seed has a better effect, and is beneficial to improve growth performance and regulation of fat metabolism of Yanbian yellow cattle.