客车底盘结构安全性分析与轻量化设计

A Structure Safety Analysis and Lightweight Design for Coach Chassis

传统车辆设计与优化依赖专家经验,导致开发周期长、人力物力消耗大,难以紧跟市场需求,而有限元技术的发展为车辆结构设计与优化提供丰富的手段.本研究以某客车底盘车架为对象,以操稳及结构安全性为导向,对车架进行轻量化设计.首先,对客车底盘进行了有限元模型建立与简化.在此基础上,进一步定义了载荷加载方式和计算工况.其次,结合工程实际,对当前底盘车架进行改进后,明确目标函数、约束条件与变量,提出了优化方案对底盘进行轻量化设计.通过模态分析、应力分析与变形分析,对弯曲、制动及转弯工况下的优化方案进行了验证.结果表明,所提出的优化方案在满足车辆动态性能基础上,有效实现了轻量化优化,提升了操稳及结构安全.

The traditional vehicle design and optimization relies on the expert knowledge which leads to longdevelopment cycle, mass consumption of human resources and materials. In addition, this kind of method alsodetermines that it cannot meet the market demand. The development of the finite element method provides asolution for vehicle structure design and optimization. Aiming at improving the handling stability and the structuresafety, this research focuses on the lightweight design of a coach chassis. Firstly, a finite element model and itssimplified model are constructed based on the finite element method. In this connection, the loading mode andworking condition are defined. By combining the practical engineering situation, the chassis structure is modifiedand the objective function, cost function and variables are defined, and the proposed scheme for lightweight designof the coach chassis is proposed. The modal analysis, stress analysis and deformation analysis of the proposedscheme under bending condition, braking condition and steering condition are verified. The results show that theproposed lightweight design scheme effectively solves the lightweight optimization of the coach chassis based onthe dynamic performance of the vehicle, as well as improving the handling stability and the structure safety.