环境规制、空间溢出与区域生态效率——基于空间杜宾面板模型的实证分析

Environmental Regulation,Spatial Spillover and Regional Ecological Efficiency——An Empirical Analysis of Douban Panel Model based on Space

为考察环境规制与生态效率的空间关联特征,通过构建空间杜宾面板模型,以2005—2015年中国30个省级经济单元的面板数据为依据,基于地理权重矩阵和经济权重矩阵,研究环境规制影响生态效率的直接效应和间接效应。结果表明:两种空间权重矩阵下环境规制的总效应回归系数分别为0.039 4和0.045 5,间接效应回归系数分别为0.004 7和0.028 7,且系数检验显著,对提升区域生态效率具有积极的作用,但直接效应回归系数均不显著;近地缘和经济发展水平相近的地区之间环境规制彼此有着深刻的相互影响,忽略环境规制的空间溢出作用,有可能会得出有偏的结论。第三产业比率、国有比率、外资比率和研发强度提高对提升生态效率均能够起到积极的作用;资本劳动比率、贸易开放度比率提高则不利于生态效率水平的提高。

The spatial DUBIN panel model was built based on the panel data from 2005 to 2015 of 30 provincial-level economic units in China. Based on the geographic weight matrix and economic weight matrix, the direct and indirect effects of environmental regulation on eco-effieiency were studied. The results showed that the total effect regression coefficients of environmental regulation under the two spatial weight matrixes were 0.039 4 and 0.045 5 respectively, and the indirect effect regression coefficients were 0.004 7 and 0.028 7 respectively. The coefficient test was significant and had a positive effect on improving regional ecological efficiency, but the direct effect regression coefficients were not significant; the environmental regulations of regions with similar geography and economic development level had profound mutual influence. Ignoring the spillover effects of environmental regulation might lead to biased conclusions. The proportion of the tertiary industry, the proportion of state-owned enterprises, the proportion of foreign investment and the improvement of R＆D intensity all play an active role in enhancing ecological efficiency. Increasing the proportion of capital labor and trade openness is not conducive to raising the level of ecological efficiency.