清末小说疾病叙事的形态、特征与结构

The Form,Characteristics and Structure of Disease Narrative in the Novels of the Late Qing Dynasty

疾病叙事是清末小说家现实关怀的即物表达,他们或专注于疾病的治疗实践,或现身于治愈效果的宣传,或沉思于治愈之后生发的种种问题,呈现出多元的主题形态。这类小说以"疾病的发现"这一现代视野,把疾病与国民改造相关联,进而以"疾病最终必将治愈"的未来意识,表现出强烈的现代性特征。围绕诊断与治疗所展开的叙事以及由此所确立的民众被治疗的思考维度,他们更强调医生的价值,相对忽略了病人的体验,形成了"医生-病人"的认知模式。这类小说突破了传统小说消闲娱乐的写作取向,它们所包蕴的唤醒民众的现代主题,对后世具有现实批判精神的小说创作也产生了影响。

Disease narrative is an emblematic expression of the concerns of the novelists in the late Qing Dynasty. They focused on the treatment of diseases,for the propaganda of healing effects,contemplating various problems that occurred after the healing,and showed a variety of thematic forms. This genre of novel employed the modern vision of＂disease discovery＂to link diseases with the national reform; it showed an apparent modernistic character with a future consciousness of ＂disease will eventually be cured.＂The narratives based on diagnosis and treatment and the thinking dimension of people being treated had emphasized the role of doctor while neglecting patient ＇s experience and it arrived at a cognitive pattern of＂doctor-patient.＂This kind of novel had broken through the＂leisure and entertaining＂writing-orientation of the traditional novel. The modern themes it awaken to the people had also influenced the novel creation of realistic criticism in later generations.