中古中国佛教仪礼与艺术中的琉璃

Liuli in the Buddhist Ritual and Art in Medieval China

以往有关琉璃的研究成果,其着眼点主要在于琉璃的名义考证以及东西文化交流史考察,对于琉璃在佛教信仰与仪式实践中的意涵则未能深入开掘。本文综合运用佛教典籍、史志诗文、敦煌文献、图像资料、考古遗存中的相关史料,从琉璃在佛教"七宝"观念中的意义和仪礼中的实际使用状况入手,分析琉璃与其他宝物的整体关系,从佛教供养与法器的信仰实践揭示其宗教功能与象征含义,进而追溯其观念源流以及在文本和图像中的表现。

In Buddhist texts,liuli was considered as one of the Seven Treasures（qibao七宝）.The author investigated all kinds of materials concerning glass：Buddhist scriptures,historical records,Chinese poetries and literatures,stone inscriptions,manuscripts and paintings from the Dunhuang Library Cave,mural paintings in Gansu and Xinjiang,archeological relics from terrestrial palaces of Buddhist pagodas,tombs and cellars,and focuses on the relationship between liuli and other unearthed remains in a holistic approach to the Seven Treasures,and in the context of Buddhist offerings（treasure offering and flower offering）and sacred utensils.The author hopes to cast some new light on the religious functions and symbolic meaning of liuli in Buddhist ritual practices,trace the origin of this concept and examine its demonstration in text and art.This paper is a case study intended to develop a comprehensive understanding of ritual texts and religious practices in the using of sacred objects and to rethink the role of material culture in Buddhist history and natural history in Medieval China.