地中海水牛冻精引进及其推广应用效果

Introduction of application effects of importing Mediterranean buffalo frozen semen

为进一步丰富我国乳用良种水牛遗传资源、扩大种源、促进中国水牛杂交改良和水牛奶业的发展,文章对近几年引进意大利地中海水牛冻精对我国几个地方品种水牛（摩拉水牛、尼里/拉菲水牛、摩拉×尼里水牛以及本地水牛等）人工授精的情况进行资料汇总。结果表明：地中海杂交水牛平均情期受胎率为58. 82%,各杂交组合间差异不显著（P〉0. 05）,杂交后代生长发育正常。地中海×摩拉、地中海×尼里/拉菲杂交公牛染色体数为2n=48＋XY,母牛染色体数均为2n=48＋XX;地中海×本地水牛杂交后代染色体有三种类型,分别为2n=48、2n=49、2n=50。各种杂交组合的怀孕期在309. 40-322. 89 d之间,平均为（314. 11±12. 07） d,杂交后代初产年龄最早为887 d,最晚为1 185 d,平均为（1 029. 71±130. 32） d。第一泌乳期平均泌乳天数为（316. 24±55. 62） d,总产奶量为（2 036. 18±590. 89） kg,305 d产奶量为（2 086. 16±383. 08） kg。地中海杂交水牛乳成分主要指标均略高于《广西食品安全地方标准》。说明地中海水牛能适应我国气候环境,并且杂交改良效果显著。

In order to further enrich the genetic resources and expand the provenance of dairy improved breed buffalo,and promote the improvement of buffalo crossbreeding and the development of buffalo milk industry in China,the data of artificial insemination of the imported Italian Mediterranean buffalo frozen semen to Murrah buffalo,Niri/Rafi buffalo,Murrah×Niri/Rafi buffalo and local buffalo were summarized in this paper.The results showed that the average conception rate of estrus was 58. 82%,and there was no significant difference among the cross combinations（P0. 05）,and the growth and development of the hybrid progenies were normal. The chromosome number of Mediterranean×Murrah and Mediterranean×Niri/Rafi crossbred bulls was 2 n = 48＋XY,and that of cow was 2 n = 48＋XX. There were three types of chromosomes in the hybrid offspring of Mediterranean×local buffalo,which are 2 n = 48,2 n = 49 and 2 n = 50. The gestation period of various hybrid combinations ranged from 309. 40 to322. 89 days,and the average number of days was（314. 11±12. 07） days. The mean age of first birth of hybrid progenies was（1 029. 71±130. 32）days,the earliest was 887 days,and the latest was 1 185 days. The number of days of milk production in the first lactation period was（316. 24±55. 62） d,the total milk yield was（2 036. 18±590. 89） kg. The average milk yield within 305 days was（2 086. 16±383. 08） kg. The main indexes of milk composition were slightly higher than the local standard of food safety in Guangxi. The results indicated that the Mediterranean buffalo could adapt to the climate environment in China,and the crossbreeding effect was remarkable.