间斑寇蛛毒致急性肾损伤病理改变实验研究

Experimental study on pathological changes of Acute Renal injury induced by Spider venom

目的通过间斑寇蛛毒致急性肾脏损伤的大鼠模型实验,观察肾损伤的病理形式及超微结构,探讨间斑寇蛛毒素造成急性肾损伤机制。方法雄性SD大鼠随机分为生理盐水注射的对照组(n=32)、间斑寇蛛毒素(300μl/kg)注射的实验组(n=32),在实验组有了明显中毒征象后,分别在0 h、6 h、12 h、24 h处死实验组及对照组大鼠,对肾脏组织行病理和透射电镜检查。结果实验组在6 h可见肾小囊及肾小管水肿的病理特征,12 h、24 h时间点则进一步观察到肾小囊内大量出血,部分肾单位内肾小管上皮细胞脱落,脱落的上皮细胞核溶解,肾小管管壁正常结构消失。透射电镜在6 h时明显观察到肾小球血管内壁有明显的复合物沉积,12 h、24 h时间点进一步观察到上皮细胞足突的消失,内质网吞噬体大量增加,滤过膜间隙增大,基膜及内皮细胞的脱落。对照组在0 h、6 h、12 h、24 h均未出现肾小囊及肾小管水肿,肾小囊内无出血,肾小管上皮细胞无脱落,肾小球血管内壁无复合物沉积,上皮细胞足突未消失,滤过膜间隙正常,基膜及内皮细胞无脱落。结论间斑寇蛛毒素可导致急性肾损伤甚至衰竭,中毒后的24 h内逐渐加重,肾脏内的部分结构出现病理坏死的现象,可为斑寇蛛毒致急性肾损伤的救治提供理论依据。

Objective To observe the pathological form and ultrastructure of renal injury in a rat model of acute kidney injury induced by scutellaria sinensis, and to explore the mechanism of acute kidney injury caused by Latrodectus tredecimguttatus venom.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the saline-injected control group and the experimental group injected with Latrodectus tredecimguttatus venom（300 ism of After the experimental group had obvious signs of poisoning, and the rats were sacrificed at 0 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours, and the histopathology of the kidneys was subjected to pathology and transmission electron microscopy. Results The pathological features of renal vesicle and tubule edema were observed in the experimental group at 6 h.At the time point of 12 h and 24 h, it was further observed that a large amount of hemorrhage was observed in the renal capsule, and the epithelial cells of the renal tubules fell off in some renal units, and the exfoliated epithelial nuclei were dissolved. The normal structure of renal tubular wall disappeared. At 6 h, it was observed that there was obvious complex deposition in the inner wall of glomerular blood vessel at 12 h and 24 h. Further, the disappearance of the epidermis, the increase of endoplasmic reticulum phagocytosis and the increase of the filtration membrane space were observed further at the time point of 12 h and 24 h. Abscission of basement membrane and endothelial cells. In the control group, there was no edema of renal vesicle and tubules, no hemorrhage in renal capsule, no exfoliation of renal tubular epithelial cells, no complex deposition in glomerular vascular wall, no disappearance of the peduncle of epithelial cells and normal filtration membrane space in the control group. The basement membrane and endothelial cells were not exfoliated. Conclusion The Latrodectus tredecimguttatus venom can cause acute kidney injury and even failure. It can be gradually aggravated within 24 hours after poisoning, and some structures in the kidney appear pathological necrosis, which can provide the theoretical basis for acute kidney injury caused by Latrodectus tredecimguttatus venom.