反恐怖融资法制发展:立法框架、情报体制与重点领域

Legal System Development of Anti-terrorism Financing: Legislation Framework, Intelligence System and Key Areas

恐怖主义是人类社会的敌人,反恐怖融资是打击恐怖主义最有效的途径。我国反恐怖融资法制脱胎于反洗钱的刑事和专门立法,经过初创、形成阶段近三十年的发展,业已搭建"一刑二法"立法框架,即刑法与反洗钱法、反恐怖主义法的法律规范。完善我国反恐怖融资立法框架,应当将《反洗钱法》改为《反洗钱与反恐怖融资法》,针对反恐怖融资的特殊性予以专章规定。我国反恐怖融资法制应当建立以中国反洗钱与反恐怖融资监测分析中心为核心的情报共享机制。非金融领域是恐怖融资的特殊方面,金融科技构成反恐怖融资的新挑战,因此我国应当加强非金融机构、金融科技等重点领域的反恐怖融资法制建设。

Terrorism is the enemy of human society and anti-terrorism financing is the most effective way to fight against terrorism. China’s anti-terrorist financing legal system is born out of the criminal and special legislation of antimoney laundering. After nearly 30 years of development in the initial stage of development, it has established the legislative framework of ＂one criminal law and two other laws＂, namely the criminal law, anti-money laundering law and antiterrorism law. To improve China’s anti-terrorism financing legislative framework, the ＂Anti-Money Laundering Law＂ shall be changed to ＂Anti-Money Laundering and Anti-Terrorism Financing Law＂, and the special regulations on antiterrorism financing shall be specified. China’s anti-terrorist financing legal system shall establish an intelligence sharing mechanism centered on China’s Anti-Money Laundering and Anti-Terrorism Financing Monitoring and Analysis Center.The non-financial sector is a special aspect of terrorist financing. Financial technology constitutes a new challenge to anti-terrorist financing. Therefore, China shall strengthen the anti-terrorist financing legal system in key areas such as non-financial institutions and financial technology.