论行政机关的变通执行权——以全国人大常委会、国务院授权行政机关调整适用相关法律为切入点

On the Power of Flexible Execution of Administrative Organs——Starting with the Standing Committee of the National people's Congress and the State Council Authorizing Ddministrative Organs to Adjust and Apply Relevant Laws

近年来,全国人大常委会、国务院在多个地区、多个机关授权行政机关暂时调整适用现行有关法律,这在本质上,是一种立法上的试错行为。在授权时间内,如果试错成功,被暂时调整适用的法律将得到修改、完善。授权暂时调整适用现行法律赋予了行政机关变通执行现行法律的权力,是立法先行先试的重要途径。然而由于这一试错行为刚刚兴起不久,一些理论和实践问题仍有待研究解决。通过对其概念、意义及其在实践中应有的限制等基本问题进行阐述,对有权立法的机关授权行政机关调整适用相关法律这一行为,有更明了、清晰的了解,从而为实践提供更为确切的理论保障。

In recent years, the standing Committee of the National people’s Congress and the State Council have authorized administrative organs to temporarily adjust and apply existing relevant laws in many regions, which is essentially a legislative trial-and-error activity. If the trial –and-error activity is successful, the applicable law will be modified and improved during the period of authorization. Authorization to temporarily adjust and apply the existing laws gives administrative organs the power to carry out the existing laws, which is an important way for legislation to first try. However, some theoretical and practical problems have yet to be solved due to the recent emergence of this trial-and-error behavior. This paper analyzes its concept, significance and limitations in practice, in order to have a clearer understanding of the act of authorizing administrative organs with the power to adjust and apply relevant laws and provide more precise theoretical guarantee for practice.