造境与幻像——甘肃清水宋(金)时期仿木构墓葬空间的多层象征意义探析

Creating and Phantom:An analysis of the Symbolic Meanings of the Wooden Space in the Song Dynasty(Jin) Period in Qingshui,Gansu

墓葬作为逝者及其后人为自己设计的在另一个世界的生活场所,其墓室空间的营造与墓壁装饰都有着特定的内涵与意义,清水宋(金)墓葬的空间布置及装饰题材都是为表达这种内涵与意义而设计的,通过四边穹窿顶墓室结构、以特定的象征物表达仙界、仿木构建筑形成的四合院形式的家宅形制墓室,在画像砖上对丧葬场面的再现和模拟以及通过墓室的假门、假窗的象征性暗示对墓室空间的拓展等,这种以艺术手段营造的真实环境与象征性的视觉幻像把墓室表达成微缩的宇宙、仙界、一个象征性的庭院、一所祭堂,借以表达对死后世界的设想及多种愿望。

As a place where the dead are designed for themselves in another world,the construction of the space of the tombs and the decoration of the tombs have specific meanings and meanings.The space arrangement and decoration subject of the tomb of clear water and song（gold）are designed to express this connotation and meaning,through the structure of the tombs of the four sides of the vault and the specific.The symbolism expresses the tombs in the form of the quadrangle in the form of the fairy world and the wooden architecture,the reproduction and Simulation of the funeral scenes on the painted bricks,the expansion of the space of the tombs by the false doors and the false windows of the tombs,such as the real environment and the symbolic visual illusion created by the means of art.The tomb is expressed in miniature cosmos,fairyland,a symbolic courtyard and a sacrificial hall,in order to express the imagination and various wishes for the world after death.