杜威实用主义言说的政治解放析论——兼批杜威对马克思政治哲学的误读

Comment on the Political Emancipation of Dewey's Pragmatism:——On Dewey's Misreading of Marx's Political Philosophy

杜威实用主义政治哲学极力倡导改良现代民主与自由,诘难马克思社会政治哲学,试图以民主共同体理想超越政治解放与人类解放。从实用主义原则出发,杜威把近代西方政治哲学改造成为"民主的自由主义",但从西方政治哲学运动连续性的轨迹上看,其政治哲学属于以实用主义方式言说的政治解放。杜威囿于政治解放的理论视野,对马克思的误读很多,使其在社会改造的手段上以渐进改良思想批判马克思激进革命理论,在社会民主理想目标的实现上与马克思异质。

Dewey’s pragmatism political philosophy advocates the improvement of modern democracy and freedom strongly and in the meantime interrogates Marx’s social and political philosophy in order to transcend political emancipation and the human beings liberation by the ideal of a democratic community.Starting from a pragmatic principle,Dewey transforms modern Western political philosophy into'liberal democracy'.However,judging from the continuity of the trajectory of Western political philosophy movement,the political emancipation of Dewey’s political philosophy is a pragmatic way.Dewey is still confined within the field of view of the theory of political liberation and his misreading of Marx provokes a battle of new liberalism and socialism.Therefore,he criticizes Marxist’s radical revolutionary theory with the means of social ideas of gradual improvement.Finally,there occur different aims between Marx and Dewey on the goals of social democratic ideal.