锂离子电池硅氧化物负极材料的研究进展

Development of Silicon Suboxide Anodes for Lithium-ion Batteries

硅氧化物（SiOx）因具有高的比容量和良好的循环性能而备受关注,并被认为是最具潜力的下一代锂离子电池负极材料之一。在首次嵌锂时,SiOx与锂离子发生反应,生成惰性相Li2O和Li4SiO4。惰性相的生成可有效缓冲SiOx的体积效应,同时SiOx为多相纳米均匀分布结构,因此极大改善了其电极材料的循环性能。本文从SiOx的结构与电化学储锂机制方面出发,介绍了其与电化学性能的关系,阐明了SiOx负极材料主要存在的问题,归纳了研究者们的主要改性思路,最后对SiOx负极材料未来发展方向进行了展望。

Silicon suboxide （SiOx） is considered as one of the most promising anode materials for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries due to its high gravimetric capacity and good cycling performance. In the first lithiation process, inert phases Li2O and Li4SiO4 are formed by the reaction of the lithium-ion with the oxygen atom in SiOx, which effectively buffers the volume effect of SiOx aonde materials. From the homogeneous distribution of SiOx multiphase nanostructure, SiOx anodes exhibit an improved cycle performance. Based on the structure of SiOx and the related lithium storage mechanism of SiOx, their relationship and electrochemical properties was reviewed, the major problems existing in SiOxanodes was clarified and the current research progress to enhance SiOx electrochemical performance was discussed. In addition, the future development of SiOx anodes in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries was also prospected.