对独立预备罪的立法反思——以准备实施恐怖活动罪为视角

Legal Reflections on Independent Preparatory Crime——From the Perspective of Preparing for the Commission of the Crime of Terrorist Activitie

风险社会的理论背景下,独立预备罪正在成为一种新的立法趋势。在准备实施恐怖活动罪等危害国家安全、网络信息类犯罪中,将预备行为独立成罪,能够及时发挥刑法保护法益的作用,阻断更加严重的社会危害的发生。作为独立犯罪,预备行为既遂化有利于明确国家严厉打击恐怖主义犯罪的刑事政策指向,从而增强一般预防和特别预防的效果。同时,为了避免过度处罚,在立法技术上,宜将刑法应当予以规制的"准备行为"单独规定在刑法分则中。在处罚范围上,宜将独立预备罪的适用限定在恐怖主义犯罪等重大犯罪类型,对独立预备罪的预备行为是否可罚要进行实质判断。

Under the theoretical background of risk society,the independent preparatory crime is becoming a new legislative trend.In the case of crimes against national security and cyber information,such as the crime of preparing to carry out terrorist activities,the act of preparation is independent into a crime,which can timely play the role of the interests of criminal law protection and prevent the occurrence of more serious social hazards.As an independent crime,the consummation of preparatory ACTS helps to clarify the criminal policy direction of the state to crack down on terrorist crimes,so as to enhance the effect of general prevention and special prevention.At the same time,in order to avoid excessive punishment,in terms of legislation technology,it is advisable to stipulate the ＂preparatory behavior＂ which should be regulated by the criminal law separately in the criminal law provisions.In the scope of punishment,the application of the independent preparatory crime shall be limited to terrorist crimes and other major crime types,and whether the preparatory act of the independent preparatory crime can be punished shall be judged in substance.