明代以来沿海地方筑城及其城墙形态特征

URBAN CONSTRUCTION AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CITY WALLS IN COASTAL AREAS SINCE THE MING DYNASTY

以明代以来沿海地区地方筑城过程中大量出现的外城形式为视角,通过其外城增筑的区域背景、外城形态特色等分析,来管窥沿海地区自明代以来地方筑城活动的演变。研究表明,明以来沿海地区的增筑外城现象是在当时复杂的区域海防形势下,以加固城防为主要目的的典型军事筑城行为,外城形态由简入精逐渐完备的过程同时伴随着整个沿海地区地方城池外围城防系统的演进和完善;沿海地区外城的形式呈现出类型丰富多元及趋向综合化的态势,而在县级城池中大量出现的形式各异的外城,打破了明代以来地方城池多为单一城墙的常例。

From the perspective of the outer city intensively emerged in coastal areas since the Ming Dynasty, this paper tries to reveal the evolution of the urban construction in coastal areas through analyzing the regional context and morphological characteristics of the outer city construction. It is found that the extra construction of the outer city was a kind of typical military action aimed at reinforcing the whole city defense system under the complicated regional coastal defense situation since the Ming Dynasty, thus the improvement of the outer city from its rough to firm condition was accompanied by the improvement of the outer defense system of in coastal areas. Given that the outer city forms presented the diversified and comprehensive trend, the diverse outer cities appeared in county-level cities broke the convention of single city wall in most county-level cities during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.