边鸡遗传多样性及其起源进化的研究

The genetic diversity and evolution of Bian chicken

为更好地对边鸡种质资源进行保护和开发利用,以线粒体DNA (mtDNA)D-loop区为分子标记,检测边鸡遗传多样性,并与大骨鸡进行比较分析,同时探讨这2个品种在5个红色原鸡亚种中的进化地位。结果表明:边鸡mtDNA D-loop区全长为1 231～1 232bp,核苷酸多样性为0.004 22,单倍型多样性为0.587,核苷酸平均差异数为5.199。边鸡主要分布在A、B和E 3个进化分支,构成比分别为65.45%、9.09%和25.45%;大骨鸡主要分布在A、B、C和E 4个进化分支,构成比分别为36.67%、6.67%、43.33%和13.33%。边鸡遗传多态性呈中等水平,与大骨鸡母系构成和分布比例均存在差异,为2个不同的地方品种。这一研究为边鸡起源、种质资源遗传评估、有效保种和选育利用提供了依据。

This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and evolution of Bian chickens.Genetic diversity of Bian chicken was assayed and contrasted with Dagu chicken by adopting mtDNA as genetic markers,and the phylogenitic status of two breeds were discussed among five Red Junglefowl（Gallus gallus）subspecies.The D-loop region of Bian chickens was 1 231-1 232 bp in length.The average haplotype diversity,nucleotide diversity and nucleotide differences were0.587,0.004 22,and 5.199,respectively.Phylogenetic analysis showed that Bian chickens were clustered into three clades A,B and E,Dagu chickens were clustered into four clades A,B,C and E.The proportion of A,B,and E clade was 65.45%,9.09%,25.45% in Bian chicken,and the percentage of A,B,C,and E clade of Dagu chicken was36.67%,6.67%,43.33%,13.33%,respectively.It is concluded that Bian chickens were moderate polymorphisms at mitochondrial levels,constituent ratios of the clades were significantly different contrasted with Dagu chicken,and two populations can be considered as different breeds.Thus,this information will probably pave way for further evaluation studies,preservation and improvement of Bian chickens as genetic resources.