苏联解体后美俄管理核武器扩散的经验与启发

The Experience and the Inspirations of the Management of the Diffusion of Nuclear Weapons by the United States and Russia after the Collapse of the Soviet Union

20世纪90年代初,苏联解体后留下的庞大核武库如何处置,是国际社会面临的一个巨大安全挑战。布什、克林顿两届政府高度关注此事,成立了《合作减少威胁项目》("纳恩-卢格项目),与俄罗斯、乌克兰、哈萨克斯坦、白俄罗斯等国进行了反复的磋商和讨价还价,终于使乌克兰等国同意把各自领土上的核武器运到俄罗斯处理,批准了《第一阶段削减战略武器条约》,并以无核国家身份加入《不扩散核武器条约》。此举维护了国际核不扩散体制,避免了可能的核扩散。同时,安理会五常也对乌、哈、白作出安全保证,相关国家得到了经济补偿。

In the early 1990s,how to dispose the huge nuclear arsenal left by the Soviet Union after its collapse was a huge security challenge facing the international community.Both Bush and Clinton administrations were highly concerned for this issue.By establishing the Cooperative Threat Reduction Program(the Nunn-Lugar Project)and through repeated consultations and bargaining with Russia,Ukraine,Kazakhstan,Belarus and other countries,the U.S.finally made the countries such as Ukraine agree to transport the nuclear weapons from their respective territories to Russia to dispose,ratify the START I Treaty,and join the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons as non-nuclear weapon states.These actions maintained the international nuclear non-proliferation regime and avoided possible nuclear proliferation.At the same time,the five permanent members of the Security Council also made security guarantees for Uzbekistan,Kazakhstan and Belarus,and the countries concerned have received economic compensation.