中巴经济走廊沿线的恐怖主义安全风险治理

The Terrorism and Security Risk Management along the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor

作为"一带一路"倡议的重要工程,中巴经济走廊项目推进5年以来,形成了以瓜达尔港、能源、交通基础设施和产业合作为重点的"1+4"经济布局,不仅对于中国与巴基斯坦的互联互通意义重大,还将作为关键枢纽,实现陆上与海上丝绸之路的相连。然而,长期以来,中巴经济走廊沿线的恐怖主义威胁对于中方工程技术人员安全和项目投资进展均造成了重大的挑战。其中,尤以俾路支分离主义、巴基斯坦塔利班、"伊斯兰国"组织以及"东伊运"恐怖组织对安全的威胁为甚。本文认为,鉴于各恐怖组织在政策主张和利益诉求方面的差异,降低中巴经济走廊沿线的恐怖主义安全风险,应当综合采取以下三种应对举措:加强与地方部落的对话和交流,促进经济走廊建设真正惠及一方;深化中巴政府间安全合作,建立经济走廊沿线多层次反恐协调机制;搭建多边对话平台,促成各方反恐共识和印度的理解和配合,从而打造地区安全共同体。

As an important project of the Belt and Road Initiatives,a"1+4"economic layout focusing on Gwadar Port,energy,transportation infrastructure and industrial cooperation has been formed since the project of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor was advanced five years ago.It is not only of great significance for the interconnection between China and Pakistan,but also will serve as a key hub for the realization of the connection of the land and maritime Silk Road.However,for a long time,the terroristic threats along the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor,especially the Balochistan separatism,the Pakistani Taliban,the Islamic State and the terrorist organization of the East Turkistan Islamic Movement,are posing major challenges to the safety of Chinese engineers and technicians and the progress of the project investments.This paper argues that in view of the differences in policy claims and interest demands of various terrorist organizations,the following three measures should be taken in combination to reduce the terrorism security risks along the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor:strengthening the dialogue and communications with local tribes to promote the construction of the economic corridor to truly benefit the localities;deepening the intergovernmental security cooperation between China and Pakistan to establish a multi-level mechanism of anti-terrorism coordination along the economic corridor;building a multilateral dialogue platform to promote the anti-terrorism consensus among all parties as well as India's understanding and cooperation,therefore creating a regional security community.