叙利亚复兴党的演变及其对叙利亚内战的影响

The Evolution of the Syrian Ba'th Party and Its Impact on the Syrian Civil War

叙利亚阿拉伯复兴社会党是现代叙利亚演变进程中的重要政治力量。自20世纪40年代成立以来,该党经历了合并、分裂、重组、内斗和换代等一系列演变过程。60年代,党内老一代领导人的影响力下降,以"军事委员会"为首的少壮派通过军事政变的方式获取了地方主义者支持并重建思想体系。少壮派领导人哈菲兹·阿萨德夺取党的最高领导权后,随着其个人权威的上升,复兴党作为执政党的作用和地位相应地下降。在叙利亚内战中,复兴党演变过程中的遗留问题进一步被放大,如意识形态和指导思想未能与时俱进,军人管党、党内精英阶层分化以及社会阶层固化等。政治解决叙利亚危机任重道远,复兴党亟需加强政党建设,重新握紧国家治理大权。

The Syrian Ba'th Party is an important political force in the evolution of modern Syria.Since its establishment in the 1940 s,it has undergone various stages of merger,division,restructuring,infighting and the transfer of power. In the 1960 s,while the elders were losing their power,the younger officers set up the Military Committee and revived the party through staging military coup,winning the support of the sectionalists,and reconstructing their ideology. When Hafiz al-Assad was in power,his personal authority rose and the role and status of the Ba'th Party as a ruling party declined correspondingly. During the Syrian civil war,the remaining problems in the evolution of the Party were further amplified,such as its guiding ideology failing to keep pace with the time,the military control of the party,the division of the elites within the party,and the solidification of the social classes. It is still a long way to go to reach political solution for Syrian Crisis,the Syrian Ba'th Party urgently needs to strengthen party construction and regain the power of state governance.