黎巴嫩的叙利亚难民问题治理

Lebanon's Governance of the Syrian Refugee Issue

叙利亚难民危机是国际社会关注的一个重要问题。黎巴嫩政府对其境内的叙利亚难民治理发挥了最重要的主体作用。黎巴嫩政府的叙利亚难民治理进程大致分为三个阶段:无限制准入政策阶段、有条件准入和居留政策阶段,以及难民政策再调整阶段。黎巴嫩的叙利亚难民治理受到国内和国际因素的共同影响,包括叙利亚难民危机对黎巴嫩经济与社会的影响,黎巴嫩国内政党对叙利亚难民的态度和黎巴嫩国内分散化的国内难民应对机制。黎巴嫩地方政府和政党是难民治理问题重要的次国家参与者。联合国难民署作为主要的非国家治理主体和黎巴嫩政府就叙利亚难民治理问题开展了广泛的协调合作。当前,各治理参与者仍在争议叙利亚难民危机的国际责任分担问题,并在叙利亚难民遣返问题上讨价还价,阻碍了难民危机的有效治理。

The Syrian refugee crisis has become one of the highlighted issues in international affairs. The Lebanese government plays a key role in the governance of the Syrian refugee issue in the country. Lebanon's governance of Syrian refugee issue has developed from the policy of unfettered humanitarian access to the policy of tightening access and residence,and to the policy readjustment.Lebanese governance policy has been shaped by both domestic and international factors. Domestic factors include economic and political impacts brought by the Syrian refugee crisis,different attitudes of political parties towards the refugee crisis,and the decentralized domestic institutions dealing with the refugee crisis. UNHCR,as a main non-state governance actor,has conducted extensive coordination with the Lebanese government and other actors in the governance of Syrian refugee issue. At present,the governance actors have not reached an agreement on the international burden-sharing of the refugee crisis yet. And the Lebanese government's negotiation with other international partners on the repatriation of the Syrian refugees has meanwhile hindered the process.