组织侦测危机信号的方法:环境扫描介绍

A Method of Organization Detecting Crisis Information： A Review on the Environmental Scanning

组织生存必须时刻侦测内外部环境，否则就容易遭遇危机。环境扫描是近30年来组织分析与诊断组织内外部环境的常用方法，也是组织面对环境实施战略管理的常规活动。本文以“组织如何使用环境扫描方法侦测环境危机”为线索。梳理了环境扫描方法应用与发展，并指出，在战略决策过程中，组织不仅将环境扫描作为一种全息扫描技术。用来搜寻、分析和使用组织内外部信息的活动。而且将环境扫描作为一门管理技巧用于准确诊断组织内在危机，更将其作为组织分析与诊断专业人员应掌握的一项技能，用作即时明辨组织内外部风险，只有这样组织才能在复杂竞争环境中生存下来。在长期实践过程中，环境扫描应用于组织侦测环境危机过程中虽有失败的案例，但它使组织对环境有更全面、更深层次的认识。本文指出，未来还需要加强环境扫描研究，为公私组织适应复杂、敏感和不确定的环境提供有力的支持。

In order to avoiding crisis, Organinzaiton must frequently scan environment. As a commonly used approach for public and private organization analysis and diagnosis for 30 years, environmental scanning is a regular activity of organizational strategic management and has been a hot topic of organizational management research and practice. This paper takes ＂ the function and users＇ intention of environmental scanning method＂ as links and reviews the application and development of environmental scanning method. It is believed that environmental scanning is the decision-making process enrolling information seeking, information analyzing and information use towards outside environment. Different users orientate environmental scanning differently and develop distinct structural elements. Environmental scanning, in the first place, is one management technology for organization to collect information. Through holographic scanning, organization can clarify its existing conditions. Secondly, environmental scanning is one skill that professionals need to master to conduct organization analysis and diagnosis. By analyzing adaptability between organization and environment, professionals can provide rational reference opinions for strategic decision-making of organization. Last but not least, environmental scanning is one technique which can be used in the process of management decision making within organization Decision makers can make more intuitive judgments by scanning the environment. There are successful and failure cases of applications of environmental scanning in the long time of practice. Nevertheless, environmental scanning deepens and widens organizational understanding towards environment. Future studies need to be strengthened so as to provide support for public and private organization to adapt to the complex, sensitive and uncertain environment.