农村宅基地“三权分置”的法律表达

The Legal Expression of the “Three Rights Separation” of Rural Homesteads

"三权分置"政策是我国调整农民和土地关系的重大制度创新,必须用科学的法思想和法理论来对政策的法律内涵进行明晰,实现从"政策语言"到"法律规范"的全面转化。在乡村振兴战略背景下,"三权分置"是围绕着农地展开的"三农"改革,即农业生产方式与土地市场化的再发展、农村集体经济组织与基层自治组织关系的重构、农民的身份利益与自我解放。通过对宅基地"三权分置"的四种观点进行分析,宅基地"三权分置"的法权结构表达为"宅基地集体所有权—宅基地使用权—宅基地资格权";宅基地资格权是以身份权为基础,包含财产权内容的复合性权利。未来民法典物权编应当坚持农村土地集体所有权,把农村土地集体所有规定为总有关系;修订细化成员权得丧变更的制度规范;建立宅基地资格权和宅基地使用权的配套制度。

The ＂three rights separation＂ policy is a major institutional innovation in China＇ s adjustment of the relationship between farmers and land. It is necessary to use scientific legal ideas and theories to clarify the legal connotation of policies and achieve full conversion fi＇om policy language to legal norms. In the rural revitalization strateg5% the three rights separation references the three rural reforms regarding agricuhural land, namely ： 1 ） the re-development of agricuhural production methods and land marketization, 2 ） the relationship reconstruction between rural collective economic organizations and grassroots autonomous organizations and 3 ） peasant identity interest and self-liberation. Through an analysis of nowadays viewpoints of the three rights separation of the homestead the legal structure of the three rights separation of the homestead is expressed as ＂the collective ownership of the homestead the homestead land use rights the qualification rights of the homestead.＂ The qualification rights of the homestead are based on the right to identity and include the compound rights of the content of the properly rights. In future civil code, properly rights should adhere to the collective ownership of rural land ; stipulate the collective ownership of rural land as the total relationship ; revise the system norms that refine the change of membership rights ; and establish a supporting system for the right of homestead and the right to use the homestead.