基于偏振信息的激光水下目标探测技术研究

Research on Underwater Target Detection Technology Based on Polarization Information

当偏振光照射到目标表面时,其反射光会根据目标的材质、表面结构、纹理、粗糙度等因素的不同而呈现出不同的偏振特性,且人造目标会呈现出明显区别于自然目标的偏振特性。根据这一原理,以波长为532纳米的激光器作为主动激光发射器,设计并搭建基于偏振信息的水下目标探测系统。该水下目标探测系统,将激光水下探测技术与偏振探测技术结合起来,当激光照射到水下目标表面时,目标会改变激光的偏振特性,从而使不同目标的反射光呈现出不同的偏振特性,利用这一特性,实现水下目标的探测和识别。系统主要由激光发射器、光电探测部分、信号调理部分、控制单元和电源五个部分构成,实验所得数据通过串口发至上位机,应用LabVIEW虚拟器进行处理和计算,得到水下目标的偏振度,从而区分不同类型的水下目标。系统克服了水下各种干扰和噪声,实现了在复杂多变的水下环境中快速、精准的探测目标。

When polarized light is irradiated onto the target surface, the reflected light will exhibit different polarization characteristics depending on the material, surface structure, texture, roughness and other factors of the target. Moreover the artificial target will exhibit a polarization that is significantly different from the natural target characteristic. According to this principle, a laser with a wavelength of 532nm is used as the active laser emitter to design and we build an underwater target detection system based on polarization information. The underwater target detection system combines laser underwater detection technology with polarization detection technology. When the laser is irradiated onto the underwater target surface, the target changes the polarization characteristics of the laser, so that the reflected light of different targets exhibit different polarizations characteristics.therefor, we use this feature to achieve the detection and identification of underwater targets. The system is mainly composed of laser transmitter, photoelectric detection part, signal conditioning part, control unit and power supply. The experimental data is sent to the host computer through the serial port, and processed and calculated by LabVIEW virtual machine to obtain the polarization degree of the underwater target. And then distinguish between different types of underwater targets. The system overcomes various underwater disturbances and noises, and achieves fast and accurate detection targets in a complex and varied underwater environment.