制度环境影响技术创新的典型机制:理论解读与空间检验

Typical Mechanism of Institutional Environment Affects Technological Innovation:Theoretical Interpretation and Spatial Test

首先,对制度环境(行政治理、法制水平)及分项间的交互性影响技术创新的典型机制进行了理论分析,发现地方政府行政治理水平的改善能够通过降低要素错配程度、优化公共品供给促进技术创新,而法制水平的提高则会通过塑造公平竞争秩序、优化资本配置效率促进技术创新;进一步地,地方政府行政治理通过法院"合一制"对本地法制水平产生了重要影响,优化行政治理水平是改善制度环境的根本所在。其次,剖析了企业技术创新的制度需求,在此基础上构建了技术创新视角下的制度环境指标体系。然后,采用空间动态计量模型(SEM)对我国30个省2001—2016年数据进行了经验分析。研究表明:(1)在制度环境更为优渥的地区,技术创新水平更高;(2)东中西部制度环境水平依次减弱,其对技术创新的促进效用也相应降低,即更加良好的制度水平对技术创新的促进作用更强;(3)行政治理水平改善对技术创新水平的正向促进效用大于法制水平;(4)行政干预的减少能够提高司法公平和执法强度,从而强化法制水平对技术创新的促进效用。最后,本文认为重构"标尺竞争"的评价内涵是提升制度环境和营造良好营商环境的关键所在。

Firstly,this article analyzes the relationship between the institutional environ-ment（administration and legal system）,the interaction among the two sub-items and techno-logical innovation. It finds that the improvements of the local government administrative govern-ance can promote technological innovation by reducing the factors mismatching and optimizing the public goods supply. The optimization of the legal can promote technological innovation by shaping the market competition order and optimizing the capital allocation efficiency. Further,the administrative governance of local government has exerted an important influence on the locallegal system through the ＂one system＂ of the courts. The administrative governance optimization is the root way to improving the institutional environment. Secondly,this paper constructs more reasonable institutional environment indicators from the perspective of technological innovation characteristics. Finally,empirical analyses are conducted with the spatial error model（SEM）and the data of China′s 30 provinces from 2001 to 2016. The results show that：（1）the level of tech-nological innovation is higher in areas where the institutional environment is better. （2）the level of the institutional environment declines with the order of the east,central and west region,and the effectiveness in promoting technological innovation also decreased in the same turn. That is to say,better institutional environment has a stronger effect on regional technological innovation.（3）for all regions,compared with the legal sub-item,the administrative governance improve-ment has a stronger positive effect on promoting the local technological innovation. （4）the reduc-tion of administrative intervention can improve judicial fairness,and strengthen the promotion of legal innovation to technological innovation. Finally,reconstructing the evaluation system of ＂scale competition＂ is the root way to improving the institutional environment and creating a better business environment.