昭君出塞线路考

Investigation on the Line of Zhaojun's Going Abroad

昭君出塞的线路,史书没有记载,所以难以确认。昭君出塞路线需把握五点:一是把握汉匈官方交往的线路。昭君出塞是官方行为,如果《汉书》记载中确有一条官方交往的线路,那么,这条道路就有可能是昭君出塞的线路;二是昭君出塞之前,匈奴曾处于分裂状态,匈奴分裂和一统的历史时期是重要的历史背景因素;三是《汉书》中对朝贺西汉的匈奴右皋林王东渡黄河返回匈奴的这一记载,确认为汉匈官方交往线路的重要节点;四是《汉书》关于奉车都尉班伯到定襄护卫昭君夫婿复株絫单于入境的记载,作为推论的重要线索。五是根据昭君于正月出塞的时间背景,认为东渡黄河的线路海拔较低,相对温暖,可以避开春寒料峭的气候。

Because of no recordings in historical books, the line of Zhaojun’s going abroad is difficult to confirm. From the following five points to evaluate the line of Zhaojun’s going abroad. Firstly, to grasp the line of official exchanges between Han and Hungary. Zhaojun’s going abroad is the official behavior. If there is such an official line in recordings in History of Han Dynasty, then this line may be the line of Zhaojun’s going abroad. Secondly, before the Zhaojun’s going abroad, Hungary was in a state of disunity. So this paper takes the period of Hungary’s division and unification as an important historical background factor. Thirdly, there is a recording of return of Hungary king from the Western Han Dynasty to the Huns through the eastern Yellow river in History of Han Dynasty, which is the key points to the official relationship of the Han Hungarian government. Fourth, there is a record about Banbo guarding Chanyu to Hun border in History of Han Dynasty, which is an important clue of deduction. Five, according to the time background of Zhaojun’s going abroad, it’s believed that the east Yellow river’s lines are lower, relatively warm, to avoid the chilling climate of the spring.