决策论证与大型工程项目社会稳定风险化解

The study social stability and risk elimination of decision demonstration and large-size projects

大型工程项目在我国的经济社会发展中具有关键地位，但是也日益成为社会稳定风险事件的一大诱因。“利益相关者-问题-手段”框架可以对此进行解释。大型工程项目的利益相关者包括政府、项目方、专家和当地民众，按照影响力大小可以细化为上层、中间层和下层三个层次。通常，上层利益相关者主导项目的需求识别、方案制定等论证过程，中间层利益相关者充当了辅助的角色，反对的专家和项目所在地民众无法实质参与论证过程，因此其意见和诉求没有得到充分体现，导致持续的质疑和群体事件发生，政府和项目方不得不匆忙应对。但是，政府和项目方采取的应对手段离从源头上和根本上化解风险存在一定的差距。为此应构建“政府、项目方、专家、当地民众实质参与的科学化、民主化、程序化”项目决策论证制度，以缩短这一差距，从源头上阻隔大型工程项目的社会稳定风险因子，实现大型工程项目的良性治理。

Large-size projects play an important in our economic society and easily disturb public order. “stakeholder-problem-means” frame gives a clear explanation. The stakeholders of large-size projects include the government, the project parties, specialist and local citizens, who can be divided into upper, middle and lower layers. Generally, upper-class stakeholders charge the demand identification, program design. middle-level stakeholders acts as assistants. the opposed specialists and local citizens fail to take part in argument process, so the inadequate response to their opinions and appeals leads to continuous doubts and mass incidents, which have to be coped by the government and the project parties. However, the methods the government and the project parties use can not completely and originally eliminate risks. That is why the paper structures this system. It will benefit to reduce the gap, prevent risk factors and realize proper management.