县级政府应对重大自然灾害应急管理机制研究

Study on the Emergency Management Mechanism ofthe County Government Respond to the MajorNatural Disaster

自然灾害是制约发展、影响民生、关系稳定的重大问题.县级政府作为应对重大自然灾害的主要“防御者”、一线“指挥者”、直接“参与者”和救灾政策的实际“执行者”,在应对重大自然灾害中发挥着最能快速决策行动、最能迅速开展救援、最能把握灾情进展和最能落实上级精神的重要作用.当前我国县级政府在应对重大自然灾害的应急工作中还存在着管理机构不统一、法律法规不健全、第四级网络建设薄弱、协调联动工作不畅、社会参与率低、评估体系不健全、监督和问责工作不严等诸多问题.基于此,完善应急机构建设、加强应急保障体系建设、完善社会参与机制和善后机制是提升县级政府应对重大自然灾害应急能力的重要途径.

Natural disaster is a major problem which limits the economic development, effects the civil life and is related to the social stability. Meanwhile, county government is the major “defender”, the front “commander”, the direct “participant” and the actual “implementer” of the disaster relief policy, so in responding to the major disaster, it has an huge effect on making the fast decision, acting the prompt rescue plan, mastering the intense situation of the disaster and implementing the actual spirit of the higher level. for the present, there are still many problem of the county government emergency works on responding the major natural disaster, such as the discrepant management organization, the imperfect law system, the weak construction of the fourth web, the faltering cooperate work, the low social participation rate, the delicate evaluation system and the loose criterion of the supervision and accountability. Hence, to improving the county government ability of responding to the major natural disaster, there are several important ways as completing the construction of emergency organization, enhancing the construction of the emergency indemnity system and perfecting the mechanism of social participation and rehabilitation.