金华市婺城区儿童青少年梅毒流行特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics Analysis of Syphilis among Children and Adolescents in Wucheng District of Jinhua

目的分析2008—2017年金华市婺城区儿童青少年梅毒流行特征,为新时代儿童青少年传染病预防控制工作决策提供科学依据。方法应用描述流行病学方法,对取自国家传染病报告信息管理系统的婺城区2008—2017年0～24岁儿童青少年梅毒疫情资料进行流行病学统计分析。结果婺城区2008-2017年儿童青少年梅毒年均发病率为32.37/10万,无死亡病例。男性年均发病率为16.69/10万,女性年均发病率为49.95/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ2=180.532,P<0.01);各年龄组均有病例分布,年均发病率由高至低排序为:20～24岁组、15～19岁组、0～4岁组、10～14岁组和5～9岁组(两两组χ2检验,除10～14岁组与5～9岁组比较差异无统计学意义外,其他各组间比较,P均<0.005)。10年中每一年的女性发病率均高于男性(χ2检验,P均<0.05);10年中每一年发病数居首位的均为20～24岁年龄组;2013—2017年连续5年梅毒发病数均列当年儿童青少年甲、乙类法定传染病发病数前3位;每年都有胎传梅毒报告病例。结论垂直传播是婺城区10岁以下儿童青少年梅毒传染的主要途径;性传播是婺城区15～24岁儿童青少年梅毒传染的主要途径;有效治愈及预防控制女性儿童青少年梅毒发病对于降低梅毒发病率和减少胎传梅毒(垂直传播)意义重大。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemic characteristics of syphilis in children and adolescents in Wucheng District of Jinhua cityfrom 2008 to 2017, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in children and adolescents in thenew era. METHODS Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic situation of syphilis in children and adolescentsaged 0～24 years from 2008 to 2017, with data collected from the information management system of national infectious diseases report.RESULTS During the years 2008 to 2017, the average annual incidence of syphilis among children and adolescents in Wucheng districtwas 32.37/100,000, and there was no death case; the average annual incidence of the male was 16.69/100,000 and the average annualincidence of women was 49.95/100,000. The difference was statistically significant（χ2=180.532, P〈0.01）. All age groups had case distribution.The average annual incidence rate sequence from high to low were 20～24, 15～19, 0～4, 10～14, and 5～9 year old groups（TheP values of theχ2 tests between every two groups were all 〈0.005, except for that of 10～14 and 5～9 year old groups, which was not statisticallysignificant.）In each year during the ten years, the incidence of women was higher than that of men（χ2test, P〈0.05）, and the 20～24 year old group topped the number of disease. In five consecutive years 2013 to 2017, the incidence of syphilis ranked among the topthree cases of children and adolescents’class A and B notifiable infectious diseases, and there were reported cases of tread syphilis everyyear. Conclusion Vertical transmission was the main route of syphilis infection in children and adolescents under 10 years of age inWucheng District. Sexual transmission was the main route for the syphilis infection of 15～24-year-olds. Effective cure and prevention ofsyphilis in females, children and adolescents could greatly reduce the incidence of syphilis and the cases of fetal syphilis（vertical transmission）.