The ideal landscape and its ecological planning approach in Mount Lushan National Park,China

庐山风景名胜区理想景观模式及其生态规划途径

This paper described the main four basic models of ideal landscape in the Mount Lushan National Park as Kunlunshan model, Xumishan model, Peach flower land model, Christian model. Five typical places in Mount Lushan with the ideal landscape characteristics like the East Grove Temple, White Deer Cave Academy, Simplicity and Tranquility Monastery, Lushan Valley, and Villa-cluster of the East Valley were analyzed, and the integration of the basic models for each place was discussed to make the realistic landscape conform to the ideal needs. Moreover, the discussions also involved the characteristics of ideal landscape that are featured in resource, culture, structure, function, process, scale and region. In conclusion, ideal landscape in the Mount Lushan National Park was the product of the interaction between human and nature. Mount Lushan inherits the essence of Chinese traditional culture with a history of more than 1000 years; and it also absorbs the manna of the Western culture as well as the exchanges between nature and humanities together with the conflict and adaptation among different cultures. The natural landscape could be satisfied with the survival demand and cultural taste of mankind by the way of ecological planning.

本文描述了在庐山形成的以昆仑山模式、须弥山模式、桃花源模式和基督教模式四种典型景观模式为基础的多样化理想景观类型。分析了东林寺、白鹿洞书院、简寂观、庐山垅和东谷别墅群五个典型地段的景观,整合了每个地点的理想景观基本模型,使现实景观趋近于理想状态。此外,在讨论中还涉及了理想景观所具有的资源、文化、结构、功能、过程、尺度和地域等七大特征。结果表明庐山理想景观是人类与自然相互作用的产物。在特殊自然地理条件作用的基础上,庐山承载了千余年的中国传统文化精髓,也吸取了西方文化的甘露,自然与人文的交融以及文化之间的冲突调适。生态规划手段使自然生态环境更加符合人类的生存要求和文化理想。