地图上居民地空间信息的特征度量法

A Characteristics-based Approach to Measuring Spatial Information Content of the Settlements in a Map

地图空间信息量是衡量地图上空间要素及其关系与要素空间分布状况复杂程度的定量描述指标,可为制图综合和质量评价提供依据。本文以地图上居民地空间信息度量为研究对象,从地图空间信息的本质特征出发,结合空间信息认知的层次性特点,将居民地空间特征划分为3个层次,并相应地将其空间信息构成划分为:元素层次居民地面要素的几何形态信息,邻域层次相邻居民地的空间关系信息,整体层次居民地的聚群结构信息。进而,分别建立3个层次空间特征的定量描述指标,在此基础上建立基于空间特征的几何形态信息、分布关系信息和聚群结构信息度量方法。最后,通过试验分析验证了该方法的合理性和优越性。

Map information content is also a quantitative indicator to describe the complexity of spatial elements and their distributions,and can be used to evaluate the quality of map generalization.This paper studies on the hierarchical measurement of spatial information content of the settlements in a map from human spatial cognition.First,the nature of map spatial information content is investigated,and a general computational model is extended with the consideration of spatial characteristics.This proposed model is also used as a basic model to measure the content of map information.Second,the spatial characteristics of settlements in a map can be divided into three levels,i.e.the geometrical feature at element level,the adjacent distribution feature at neighborhood level and the clustering feature at global level,which are indeed consistent with the hierarchy of human spatial cognition.The spatial information content of the settlements is further classified in hierarchy.Sequentially,quantitative indicators are developed for the description of spatial features at each level,and the computational methods of spatial information content are proposed based on these quantitative indicators.Finally,apractical example is provided to illustrate the rationality and advantages of the proposed methods.