以行政复议权集中行使为基础重构行政复议体制

On Reconstruction of Administrative Review System Based on Centralization of Administrative Review Power

行政复议体制改革是《行政复议法》修改中最关键的问题。行政复议权配置过于分散严重影响行政复议制度效能的发挥。行政复议体制改革首先需要将行政复议权由部门向政府集中,在一级政府内设置行政复议委员会,一方面保障复议机构的相对独立性、专门性,加强行政复议工作人员的专业化建设;另一方面通过引入外部专家、律师等社会人士进入行政复议委员会,克服复议机构公正性天然不足的缺陷,增强复议机构的中立性,最大限度满足裁决者中立这一纠纷解决机制的基本要求。

System reform of administrative review is the core issue of revision of Administrative Review Act.Administrative review power is too diffuse to affect seriously efficiency of administrative review.First of all,administrative review power should be centralized to government,then establishing an administrative review committee in it.The establishment of administrative review committee can ensure relative independence and specialization for administrative review organ and officer.By enrolling outer expert and lawyer as the members of the committee,it also can overcome the natural shortage of fairness of administrative review organ,enhance neutrality of administrative review organ and satisfy the basic requirement of dispute settlement that to be a neutral adjudicator to the utmost extent.