博客媒体地位判断的基本标准与法律程式

The Basic Standard and Test Formula for Judging Whether a Blog is Media

博客是否属于媒体,是否享有新闻特权,是博客言论法律界限划定的关键。为应对网络时代的挑战,西方国家和我国台湾省的司法实践逐渐形成一些可资判断博客媒体地位的法律标准。这些标准主要包括从业资质标准、新闻过程标准和新闻功能标准。从业资质标准本质上是以传统媒体的"组织特征"衡量博客的媒体地位,具有极强的保守性。新闻过程标准和新闻功能标准抛弃了组织的观点,从新闻制作的具体过程和新闻内容的公益功能角度划定表达自由的界限,为传统媒体和博客等新型传播形式提供同等的法律保护,间接地形成了博客媒体地位的判断标准,具有较强的开放性。主体、过程和功能三项标准共同形成递进式的位阶体系,其中,过程和功能标准既可能是媒体地位的判断标准,亦可能是媒体言论的界限标准。司法机关在判断某一博客是否具有媒体地位时,宜遵循标准穷尽原则,依次适用主体、过程和功能三项标准,以回应信息时代媒介多样化对言论保护的挑战。

Whether are blogs 'media'is critical to demarcate the statements posted on blogs.There are three pieces of criterion which are collaterals to test a blog is'media'or not.The first one is the institution test,which means that a 'media'should be a institution with trained journalists,the second one is process test,which abandons the institutional test and requires that the blogger should abide by the news standards of practice,the last one means a statement posted on a blog should pass the debate of general interest test.In a case,judges may adopt these criterion to test one by one and judge a blog is'media'or not and then to demarcate the statements posted on blog,to react to the challenge by diverse medias to the protection of free speech.