从经济惩戒到程序规训——公务员行政侵权个人责任制的规范分析与制度建构

From Economic Punishment to Procedural Discipline:Normative Analysis and Construction of Recumbent System in the View of Multiple Values

为全面实现法治,有必要采取相应制度来追究、落实公务员在行政侵权行为中的个人责任。对此,存在着两种途径:基于重过错的追偿制度和公务员直接赔偿责任制。两种制度的规范性一致。但法、美等国的公务员个人直接赔偿责任制更有利于落实公务员个人责任,能更好地保障其他一些利益,而不利于保护公务员与受害人权利,追偿制则更有利于保护受害人与公务员权利。因此,能够兼容责任追究与权利保障的追偿制更为可取。为此,当协调好追偿所涉多元价值,重视追偿程序本身的规训功能,实现追偿由经济惩戒向程序规训的转变,在借助公平、公开、公正而规范的赔偿程序落实赔偿纠纷的同时实现追偿对公务员的训诫功能。

To realize of the rule of law fully,it is necessary to take corresponding system to pursue the individual responsibility of civil servants in administrative compensation.Therefore,there are two ways:recumbent system and civil servants directly compensation responsibility system.They are both based on intention or gross negligence and follow the same norm,The standardization of the two systems consistent follow the same norms.But the latter is more advantageous to implement the civil servant individual responsibility and protect other interests,meanwhile the former is more conducive to protect the rights of the victim and civil servants.Therefore,the recumbent system which combines accountability and remedy would be preferable.Therefore,we need to coordinate various values involved in recoupment system,attach importance to the value of discipline of recoupment,expand our perspectives to understand its composition,transform it from a economic punishment tool to procedural discipline tool,and realize reasonable discipline of civil servants through a fair,open,equal state compensation process.And during the period,the disputes of administrative compensation is also resolved.