论相邻关系中污染侵害的法律适用

The Research on Applicable Law of Pollution Infringement between Adjacent Relations

为响应当今社会生态化、绿色化的号召,我国私法领域相继出台有关环保方面的规定。一方面,《物权法》第90条对传统相邻关系做出突破,被理论界称之为具有我国特色的"不可量物侵害规则";另一方面,《侵权责任法》第65条规定了"环境污染责任"。但遗憾的是,前者在规范对象上进行了不当扩大,后者又以简单抽象的规定未明确限定其适用范围,由此,在"相邻污染侵害纠纷"下易发生物权法与侵权法的适用之争。短期内,应对《物权法》第90条和《侵权责任法》第65条的独立构成要件地位做否定解释;长期来看,还应从立法论出发重构《物权法》第90条并确定其与相邻关系污染侵害纠纷的对应关系,从而真正解决上述法律冲突的问题。

Accounting for the protection of environment,many provisions has been promulgated in the field of private law successively.On one hand,the Article 90 of Property Law of PRC says,an holder of real property must not discard solid trash,discharge water pollutants,atmospheric pollutants,or any other harmful substances such as noise,light and magnetic radiation,by violating the clauses of neighboring relation.It's a great pity that,however,this article expanded its applicable range and legislative purpose,comparing to its predecessor Immission.On the other hand,the Tort Law of PRC has a special chapter setting forth the Liability for Environmental Pollution.But the core clause Article 65 does not make a clear boundary for its application.So there is a competition on priority between the Property Law and Tort Law,during the neighboring pollution disputes.In order to protect the lawful rights and interests of the parties,it is necessary to propose an effective solution on the law application on neighboring pollution disputes.