体外胚胎的法律地位及民法规制

The Legal Status and Civil Law Regulation of in Vitro Embryo

体外胚胎的特殊性,除了在于它是人类生命的早期形式、有成为人的可能并关乎伦理外,还在于其上面寄托了提供者的生育希望和情感,甚至是家族的希望和情感。将体外胚胎的法律地位定位为人格物,可以较好地体现其具有的潜在人格、伦理、人格利益这三个层面的特殊性,兼顾体外胚胎的利益、提供者等相关权利人的利益和社会伦理观念。把体外胚胎作为人格物,是在人与物、主体与客体二分的民法结构中,构建体外胚胎作为人格物保护的物权和人格权调整规则、权利救济规则,积极地回应生物科技发展对民法的挑战。在将体外胚胎作为人格物的民法调整中,有关体外胚胎的法律地位立法,要考虑其与民事主体制度的连接和协调,也要给社会观念的变化留出一定发展空间。

In vitro embryo is unique,not only because it is an early form of human life and there is the possibility of becoming human being and related to ethics,but also because it is the sustenance of the provider's fertility hopes and feelings,and even family's hopes and emotions.If the legal status of in vitro embryo is regarded as personhood property,this can better reflect its particularity of potential human being,ethics,personality interests and take into account society ethics and the interests of in vitro embryos,providers and other stakeholders.This can construct rules of property right,personality right and remedy approach to protect in vitro embryo in our civil law which is strictly distinguish between human and object,subject and object.This responds positively to challenges of the development of biotechnology to civil law.The legislation of the legal status and regulation of in vitro embryo need consider the connection and coordination with the civil subject system and leave space for the change of the social attitudes.