论工作物倒塌致人损害的侵权责任——《侵权责任法》第86条的解释论

On Tort Liability Caused by the Collapse of Buildings and Structures:An Interpretation Theory to Art.86 of the Tort Liability Act

《侵权责任法》第86条规定的工作物倒塌致人损害的侵权责任,适用于工作物因存在建造缺陷或管理缺陷而倒塌引起的人身、财产损害。该法第1款规定的是建设单位与施工单位因工作物存在建造缺陷而倒塌致人损害所承担的严格侵权责任;第2款规定的是工作物的所有人或者管理人因工作物存在管理、维护缺陷而倒塌致人损害所承担的过错推定责任。若是因建造质量不合格的工作物倒塌致人损害,不可抗力不能作为免责事由。

The liability caused by the collapse of buildings and structures stipulated in Art.86 of the Tort Liability Act,applicable to the personal injury and property damage caused by the collapse of buildings and structures with construction defects or management deficiencies.The provision of Art.86(1)is about the absolute tort liability for the damage caused by the collapse of buildings and structures with construction defect taken by the building unit and construction unit.The provision of Art.86(2)is about the presumption of fault liability for the damage caused by the collapse of buildings and structures with maintenance negligence or management deficiencies for which accounted by the owner or administrator of buildings and structures.If the damages for a person are caused by collapse of buildings and structures with the poor structure quality,force majeure clause shall not be reasoned for exemption.