论“公民有受教育的权利和义务”的宪法解释

The Constitutional Interpretation of“Citizens Have the Right and Obligation of Education”

我国现行《宪法》第46条第1款规定"中华人民共和国公民有受教育的权利和义务",这虽简单明了地体现了公民的受教育权利义务关系,但在该条解释上却存有明显的不确定性,尤其是对该条中"公民"主体和义务承担问题争议颇多。通过梳理与驳斥现有受教育条款的宪法解释思路,本文认为应当主张第46条受教育条款中"公民"主体身份的唯一性和受教育义务承担具有阶段性特征。在坚持《宪法》文本安定性的前提下,强调公民既有受教育的权利,同时又需要承担受教育的义务,而义务应当包括义务教育阶段的受教育义务、同一公民主体在非义务教育阶段作为父母或监护人所应承担的受教育义务、扫盲教育阶段中的特定公民主体的受教育义务三部分。

In our current Constitution,the paragraph 1of article 46 prescribes that'citizens have the right and obligation of education',which is straightforward to show that the relationships between the right and obligation of education,but there is still obvious uncertainty in the interpretation of this article,especially in the parts of the meaning of citizens and responsibility of the obligation of education.According to concluding and retorting the existing interpretations of the article of education,my main opinions are that the'citizen'is only and the responsibility of education has showed an obvious periodic characteristic.Based on the insisting of stability of the constitution text,we should emphasize that citizen have the right of education,and also bear the responsibility of education.And the obligations have three parts:the duty of education in compulsory education stage,same people's educational duty as the children's parents or guardians,the educational duty in literacy education.