江苏省湖泊遥感监测及10年动态变化分析

MONITORING DISTRIBUTION AND ANALYZING DECADE DYNAMIC CHANGE OF LAKES IN JIANGSU PROVINCE USING REMOTE SENSING

以多时相Landsat TM/ETM+影像和HJ-CCD影像为数据源,提取江苏省2000、2005及2010年湖泊,分析江苏省湖泊10年的水域面积变化及驱动力。研究结果显示,江苏省湖泊三期水域面积分别为5 902.23、5 891.91和5 883.19km2,全省湖泊面积整体相对稳定,但单个湖泊变化差异较大,变化最明显的是洪泽湖和白马湖。洪泽湖及白马湖10年的动态变化表明,洪泽湖变化主要位于西南方向,白马湖变化明显的是西南与东北方向。进一步从人为和自然因素对其变化驱动力进行分析,结果表明,10年间洪泽湖和白马湖周边区域气温升高、降水量及入湖水量的减少是造成水面减小的重要自然因素;洪泽湖10年间面积加权的平均拼块分形维数(AWMPFD)变化不大,2000、2005及2010年分别为1.161 0、1.162 1和1.159 0,处于相对稳定状态;白马湖10年间AWMPFD持续下降,从2000年的1.274 5到2005年的1.239 6,再到2010年的1.211 3。因此,人为活动影响及湖周土地利用方式的变化是湖泊水域面积萎缩的重要人为因素。

It is important to monitor distribution and analyze dynamic change of lakes in Jiangsu Province for wise use and protection of water resources.In this study,the lakes in Jiangsu province were monitored using multitemporal Landsat TM/ETM+ images and HJ-CCD images of 2000,2005and 2010and the object-oriented classification method,and the decadal dynamic change and diving forces were analyzed.The results showed that the lake area in Jiangsu Province was 5 902.23km2 in 2000,5 891.91km2 in 2005and 5 883.19km2 in 2010, respectively.The total lake areas of Jiangsu province were relatively stable,but several lakes were change obviously.The changes of the Hongze Lake and the Baima Lake were the most obvious.Changes of the Hongze Lake mainly took place in the southwest,the increasing part was mainly located in the west of Siyang County,the decreasing part was mainly distributed at the junction of Sihong County and Hongze County.While changes of the Baima Lake took place in the southwest to Northeast,transferred was mainly located in eastern Huai'an and Northern Suqian;decrease was located in Suqian City,Hongze County area.Transfer types were mainly concentrated between the wetland and farmland.By analyzing the driving force of the natural and human factors, the results showed that rising temperatures,decreasing precipitation in the surrounding areas and the reduce of water in the Hongze Lake and the Baima Lake were the main natural factors leading to lake reducing during the 10 years.The AWMPFD(Area-Weighted Patch Fractal Dimension)of the Hongze Lake changed little,from 1.161 in 2000,1.162in 2005to 1.159in 2010.In addition,the AWMPFD in the Baima Lake continued to decline from 1.275in 2000,1.240in 2005to 1.211in 2010.Therefore,human activities around the lake and the change of land use are important factors causing atrophy of the lakes.The land cover changed in the Hongze Lake and the Baima Lake in the ten years.Wetland area continued to decline,mainly due to reclamation into cultivated land. Cultivated area increased,because wetlands were transferred to farmland.