海州湾保护区海洋环境质量综合评价

AN INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF COASTAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN HAIZHOU BAY PROTECTED AREA

海洋环境质量综合评价是开展海洋环境保护和管理的基础和依据。以海州湾海洋保护区为研究区,结合国内海洋环境调查现状,利用层次分析法构建了以生物要素为主、物理化学要素为辅的海洋环境质量综合评价指标体系。参考国内外相关研究,将海洋环境质量等级划分为"优良中差劣"。收集了海州湾保护区2005~2011年环境调查资料,结合国家相关标准和统计数据序列综合确定各评价指标等级判定标准。利用2006年8月、2009年12月和2011年3月的调查数据对海州湾保护区环境质量进行评价和分析。评价结果显示综合指数值分别为0.608、0.465、0.638,保护区环境质量整体处于等级良,且近岸环境较离岸海域差,较客观地反应了该区域的环境状况。此外,海洋生物物种丰度和生物多样性呈现一定程度的季节波动,尤以冬季底栖生物较为明显,反应了区域气候特点对生态系统生物要素的影响。在生态环境评价以及评价标准的选择中需注意季节变化可能产生的干扰;开展环境质量评价时应充分注意调查时间选择的代表性,方能客观有效地反映区域环境质量状况。

The Haizhou Bay marine protected area was established for the effective protection of special coastal geomorphologic landscapes and ecosystems by the State Oceanic Administration in January 2008. Since the ocean is a complex ecosystem,the differences of characteristics in every parts within protected area determines the measures taken for the protection and environmental management.The evaluation of coastal environmental quality(EQ)is the basis and foundation of the protection and management of protected area partition.Based on the biological and physicochemical elements of coastal ecosystem,the paper constructed a comprehensive assessment index system of the coastal EQ with Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP).With the comprehensive consideration of domestic and international assessment standards, the EQ was classified as'high,good,moderate,poor,and bad'.Coastal EQ in Haizhou Bay protected area was assessed based on the environmental survey data in August 2006,December 2009,and March 2011.The results showed that the indicator system for coastal ecosystem environmental quality integrated assessment was workable,and the value of integrated environmental quality of the coastal ecosystem in Haizhou bay were 0.608,0.465,0.638.It showed that,the coastal EQ of Haizhou Bay protected area was generally good,off-shore was better than near-shore.The abundance and biodiversity of marine species in assessment index system showed a certain degree of seasonal fluctuations,particularly the indices of benthic in the winter,which reflected the ecosystem biological elements changed with the regional climate characteristics. When carrying out the evaluation of EQ,more attention should be paid to the interference of seasonal changes for the indices.Enough attention should be paid to the representativeness of investigation selected for ensuring the assessment to be objective and reflecting the regional environmental quality status.