基于景观生态学源—汇理论的自然保护区功能分区研究

RESEARCH OF NATURE RESERVE ZONING BASED ON LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY SOURCE-SINK THEORY

自然保护区的功能区划基本上确定了保护区的发展方向和管理构架,对保护区的有效管理起着至关重要的作用。现阶段功能分区不合理是我国自然保护区发展面临的一个重要问题,由此导致保护区生物多样性降低,社区矛盾激化。因此,运用科学的方法对自然保护区进行正确合理地功能分区显得尤为必要。通过资料收集、实地调查、专家咨询、文献研究等方式,同时借助遥感和地理信息系统技术,运用景观生态学源—汇系统理论对安徽鹞落坪国家级自然保护区进行了功能分区。新的功能分区方案与原有功能区划相比,核心区与缓冲区面积扩大,所占比例分别由17.2%和23.9%上升到38.46%和29%;实验区面积比例由58.9%下降为32.54%,人类活动密集区域划入实验区,有利于保护区实行严格的分区管理。

With the number of nature reserves increasing and the protected area expanding,China's nature reserves also have many problems.Zonation unreasonable is one among them.Zonation largely determines the developing direction and managementframeworkofnaturereserves.Itplays a vital role for the effective management of nature reserves.However,China pursued rescue protection strategies in a fairly long period of time.Inadequate theory,inappropriate zoning methods,lack of basic information brought potential problems to nature reserves zoning.Now many nature reserves have reduction in biodiversity,community conflicts and other problems.Therefore,the use of scientific methods on nature reserve zoning is particularly necessary.Through data collection,field surveys,expert consultations,literature research,with the remote sensing and geographic information technology,using landscape ecology source-sink system theory,this paper conducted functional zoning to Yaoluoping Nature Reserve.In landscape ecology,the'source'and'sink'are for ecological processes,the'source'refers to the landscape which can promote the development of ecological processes;'sink'landscapes are those that can prevent,delay the development of ecological processes landscape types.In accordance with the idea of biosphere reserves,zoning is a collar structure which from the inside to the outside can be divided into core zone,buffer zone and experimental zone.Species have least resistance to overcome in the core region,maximum resistance in experimental zone,and the resistance in buffer zone between the two.This paper selected the locations in Yaoluoping where protected species and endemic species widely distributed as'source',selected the type of vegetation,vegetation cover,slope,terrain ruggedness as resistance layer of costs distance,used minimum cumulative resistance model(MCR)to create resistance surface,then graded the surface resistance layer with natural breakpoint method,ultimately determined the functional zoning Nature Reserve.Comparing the proposed zoning program and the existing zoning,the core area and buffer area expanded,the proportion rose to 38.46% and 29% from 17.2% and 23.9%,respectively;the experimental area ratio decreased from 58.9%to 32.54%;human activity-intensive areas should be included in the experimental areas,which was conducive to strict partition management.For the future development of Yaoluoping Nature Reserve,this paper presented six recommendations including strict control of the scale of eco-tourism,guiding the community's economic restructuring,strengthening ecological construction corridor,conducting publicity and education.These methods could be applied and extended to the related nature reserves.