南水北调中线工程水源地市场化生态补偿机制研究

RESEARCH ON THE MARKET-ORIENTED ECOLOGICAL COMPENSATION MECHANISM IN WATER SOURCE AREAS OF THE MIDDLE ROUTE OF SOUTH-TO-NORTH WATER TRANSFER PROJECT

生态补偿是确保南水北调中线工程水源地生态环境安全的重要举措。分析了南水北调中线工程水源地现有的政府主导型生态补偿机制,为了探索在南水北调中线工程水源地生态补偿中引入市场化机制的实现方式,基于对理论与现实依据的分析,提出了四种水源地市场化生态补偿模式:(1)水权交易模式:提出水权的市场交易机制与拍卖机制构想;(2)发展权流转模式:受水区对水源区进行产业补偿,帮助水源区建立"飞地";(3)生态经济模式:依托水源地生态环境,实现生态产品市场效益;(4)公共物品市场购买模式:政府利用补偿资金购买私人部门提供的水源地生态建设服务或项目。最后就如何以政府为主导,在南水北调中线工程水源地引入市场化生态补偿机制提出了相关对策建议。

Ecological compensation is an important measure to ensure the ecological environment security of water source areas in the middle route of south-to-north water transfer project.After analyzing the temporary government-led ecological compensation mechanism,this paper discusses the theoretical and practical basis of the market-oriented ecological compensation mechanism in the water source area of the middle route of south-to-north water transfer project.Then four patterns of the market-oriented ecological compensation are put forward.(1) Water rights transaction pattern.In this pattern,the market transaction mechanism and auction mechanism of water right are designed.(2)Development rights transference pattern.Development rights transference can be carried out mainly by industrial policy compensation.That is to say,water receiving areas acquire those companies that do much harm to the environment in the water source area,and help the water source area build enclaves in well-developed districts.(3)Ecological economy pattern.In this pattern,water source areas are encouraged to produce ecological products,and make full use of local characteristics to develop ecological economy.Thus they can achieve self-compensation.(4)Public goods marketization purchase pattern.With compensated funds,governments buy ecological construction projections and services supplied by private sectors directly for water source areas,instead of producing by themselves and allocating funds to water source areas.At last,the paper comes up with some advice on how to gradually introduce the market force into the existing government-led ecological compensation mechanism in the water source of the middle route of south-tonorth water transfer project.