赤水河流域土地利用结构对氮素输出的影响

Effects of Land Use Structure on Nitrogen Export in Chishui River Watershed of Southwest China

以赤水河流域为研究对象,根据Landsat8 OLI卫星影像获取流域土地利用现状,利用ArcGIS的水文、空间分析模块提取22个子流域,分析子流域不同形态氮(TN、NO_3^--N、NH_4^+-N)的输出特征及其与土地利用结构之间的关系。结果表明:赤水河各子流域TN、NO_3^--N、NH_4^+-N浓度范围分别为1. 27～4. 13、1. 14～3. 97、0. 01～0. 35 mg/L。TN和NO_3^--N与流域内耕地、灌草的相关系数分别为0. 663 (p <0. 01)、0. 538 (p <0. 05)和0. 631(p<0. 01)、0. 530(p<0. 05),TN、NO_3^--N、NH_4^+-N与流域内耕地、灌草浓度表现为显著正相关,流域内耕地、灌草对TN、NO_3^--N输出均表现为显著的"氮源"作用。NH_4^+-N的相关系数为-0. 558(p <0. 01),耕地对NH_4^+-N输出起显著"氮汇"作用。TN、 NO_3^--N与林地的相关系数为-0. 673 (p <0. 01)、-0. 652(p<0. 01),林地对TN、NO_3^--N输出起到了显著的"氮汇"作用。NH_4^+-N与林地的相关系数为0. 435(p<0. 05),林地对NH_4^+-N的输出起"氮源"作用。各子流域的分析结果表明,流域受土地利用结构带来的面源污染影响显著。

Land use is a key factor in non-point source pollution. This study uses the landsat8 OLI satellite image as the base map,combined with the field investigation of the interpretation area to obtain the land use map of the Chishui River Basin,and adopts the hydrology and spatial analysis module of ArcGIS to extract 22 sub-basins,then analyzes the output characteristics of different forms of nitrogen TN,NO3--N and NH4+-N during abundant and dry season in different sub-basins and their relationship with land use structure. The analysis results of each sub-basin show that the basin land use structure has a greater impact on nitrogen output than the basin area.During the abundant season,the greater the proportion of cultivated land and shrub in the basin,the greater the nitrogen output intensity;as the proportion of forest land increases,the nitrogen output decreases.