旅游发展的生态系统服务价值增值效应研究

Study on the Value-added Effect of Ecosystem Serive Values in Tourism Development

旅游发展是生态系统服务价值置换的重要方式,具有增值效应。以黄山风景区为案例地,依据实地调研与访谈,采用功能价值法,分析2005～2015年黄山风景区(包括核心区和缓冲区)生态系统服务价值的动态变化特征及其旅游发展的增值效应。研究发现:(1)生态系统服务价值具有年际增长特征,2005～2015年黄山风景区生态系统服务价值总量由23.59亿元增加至48.93亿元;(2)生态系统服务价值具有空间分异特性,2005～2015年核心区生态系统服务价值由10.45亿元增加至19.48亿元,而缓冲区则由13.14亿元增加至29.45亿元,核心区年均单位面积生态系统服务价值增量为1.12元/(hm^2·a),显著高于缓冲区的0.55元/(hm^2·a);(3)旅游发展对生态系统服务价值具有增值效应,2005～2015年景区土地利用变化微小,林地、草地、水域和未利用地面积10年间变化率皆小于1%,对景区生态系统服务价值增加影响很小。而旅游休闲服务价值在核心区和缓冲区的生态系统服务价值总量中占比均最高,2015年旅游休闲服务价值在核心区生态系统服务总价值中占比78.99%,在缓冲区中占比48.55%,旅游休闲服务价值的增加成为推动景区生态系统服务价值增值的最重要因素。该研究表明发展旅游业是践行"绿水青山就是金山银山"的重要路径,但旅游发展过程中需要强化生态环境保护,以利于旅游地生态系统服务价值的有效置换。

Tourism development is an important way for ecosystem to provide ecosystem service values and it has a value-added effect. Taking Huangshan Scenic Area as a case, based on field surveys and interviews, by means of the functional value method, this paper analyzes the dynamic change of ecosystem service values in Huangshan Scenic Area(including core area and buffer zone) and the value-added effect of tourism development from 2005 to 2015. This paper argues that:(1) The value of ecosystem services kept growing annually. The total value of ecosystem services in Huangshan Scenic Area increased from 2.359 billion yuan in 2005 to 4.893 billion yuan in 2015.(2)The value of ecosystem services showed spatial differentiation as it increased from 1.045 billion yuan in 2005 to 1.948 billion yuan in 2015 in the core area, while the buffer area increased from 1.314 billion yuan in 2005 to 2.945 billion yuan in 2015. The average annual service value increase per unit area of the core area was 1.12 yuan/(hm^2·a), significantly higher than the buffer zone of 0.55 yuan/(hm^2·a).(3)Tourism development had a value-added effect on ecosystem services values. From 2005 to 2015, the change of land use in Huangshan Scenic Area was subtle, with change rates of the area of forest land, grassland, water area and unused land were less than 1% during 10 years, which had little impact on the increase of the value of ecosystem services. The value of tourism and leisure services accounted for the highest proportion both in the core area and buffer zone, with 78.99% of the total value of ecosystem services in the core area and 48.55% in the buffer zone. The increase in the value of tourism and leisure services played the most important role in increasing elosystem service values in Huangshan Scenic Area. This study shows that the development of tourism is an important way to practice the idea of ’Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets’. However, we need to strengthen the protection of ecosystem and environment during tourism develop, in order to effectively provide ecosystem service values in tourism destinations.