产业集聚加剧了环境污染吗?——基于外商直接投资视角

Does Industrial Agglomeration Aggravate Environmental Pollution: From A Perspective of Foreign Direct Investment

厘清产业集聚、外商直接投资如何作用于环境污染有助于理解中国环境压力形成的原因,而当前环境问题的解决离不开区域合作,空间溢出效应更不容忽视。通过将反映地理特征和经济特征的非对称性经济地理空间权重矩阵引入空间计量模型,实证检验外商直接投资作用下,产业集聚如何作用于环境污染。研究发现:(1)中国的省域环境污染存在显著的空间依赖性,即邻近省域的环境污染会加剧本省的环境污染;(2)产业集聚有利于促进人均工业二氧化硫减排,却对人均工业废水中的化学需氧量没有产生显著影响,反而导致了人均二氧化碳排放量增加;(3)当考虑外商直接投资作用时,每提高1个百分点的产业集聚,会增加0.428%的人均工业二氧化硫排放量,1.381%的人均工业废水中的化学需氧量,0.240%的人均二氧化碳排放量。以上结论都通过了稳健性检验与内生性检验,说明结论真实可靠。最后,据此提出了相应的政策建议。

In order to have a better understand of the environmental stress formation in China,we strive to clarify how industrial agglomeration and foreign direct investment(FDI)influence environmental pollution.The current environmental problems depend on both regional cooperation and spatial spillover effect.In this paper,we introduce an asymmetric economic distance matrix,which is reflects the impacts of natural factors and socio-economic factors,into a spatial econometric model.We use empirical model to explore how FDI affects the impact of industrial agglomeration on environmental pollution.Our empirical results show that:(i)There exists significant spatial dependence in China’s provincial environment pollution,i.e,the environmental pollution in the neighboring provinces will aggravate the environmental pollution.(ii)Although industrial agglomeration contributes to the emission reduction of industrial sulfur dioxide per capita,it has no significant impact on the chemical oxygen demand in industrial wastewater per capita.On the contrary,it can increase carbon dioxide emissions per capita.(iii)When FDI is taken into account,with 1%increase in industrial agglomeration,the industrial sulphur dioxide emissions per capita is increase by 0.428%,the chemical oxygen demand in industrial wastewater per capita by 1.381%,and the carbon dioxide emissions per capita by 0.240%.We also test the robustness and endogeneity of the empirical model.Finally,some relevant policy recommendations are accordingly proposed.