全球绿色气候基金融资责任分摊机制研究——一种兼顾责任与能力的视角

Financing Burden Sharing of the Green Climate Fund:A Perspective of the Combination of Historical Responsibility and Economic Ability

文章基于当前全球绿色气候基金(GCF)融资不足的现实背景,从国家间融资分摊的历史责任和支付能力视角出发,并借鉴联合国会费分摊(UN)、联合国官方发展援助计划(ODA)和全球环境基金(GEF)等现存的国际资金筹集经验,对五种潜在融资机制下GCF融资责任的分摊效果进行了系统研究,并在此基础上采用投票理论对不同方案进行加权,得到一种兼顾多种分摊思想的PSC融资责任分摊体系。研究发现:(1)不同分摊方案会有不同的出资结果,如美国在GEF方案下出资份额最小,而日本和欧盟则在历史责任方案下分摊份额最小;(2)在PSC分摊框架下,欧盟需要出资43.57%,美国需要出资35.33%,日本需要出资9.10%;(3)如果GCF融资成员扩至BRICS国家,金砖国家共需出资6.32%,发达国家仍是气候基金的主要融资方,其中欧盟、日本和美国出资份额之和不低于80%。研究有助于促使气候基金落实融资承诺,其相关方案也能为当前GCF融资体系建设提供有益借鉴。

Based on the realistic background of inadequate financing of the Green Climate Fund(GCF),this paper makes a systematic study of financing burden sharing effectiveness of GCF among Annex II parties under five potential financing mechanisms from the perspective of historical responsibility and economic ability of financing sharing between countries and through the experience from three main international financing mechanisms including the United Nations contributions(UN),the Official Development Assistance(ODA)and the Global Environment Facility(GEF).Then it weights different schemes through voting theory and proposes the preference score compromises(PSC)approach of financing burden sharing with the consideration of several sharing ideas.It arrives at the following conclusions:firstly,different sharing schemes result in different funding results;the U.S.may prefer to the GEF approach because of the smallest contribution to the GCF,whereas Japan and the European Union may prefer to the historical responsibility approach;secondly,under the PSC approach,the European Union should provide 43.57% of the funds,followed by the U.S.and Japan,with a share of 35.33% and9.10% respectively;thirdly,if the GCF financing members are extended to the BRICS countries,the emerging economics will undertake 6.32% of the funds,and developed countries are still the critical financing party of the GCF,namely the U.S.,the European Union and Japan collectively contribute more than 80% of the funds.It helps to promote the accomplishment of financing promise of the GCF and relevant schemes can provide useful reference for current construction of the GCF financing system.