不同所有制条件下的收入差距问题研究——基于机会不平等理论的视角

Income Inequality under Different Ownership:A Perspective of Opportunity Inequality Theory

经典的马克思主义收入分配理论正在经受当下中国收入差距扩大的事实挑战。文章将机会不平等因素引入马克思主义收入分配理论模型中,利用反事实函数,通过Shapley分解,获得如下新的认识:(1)经典马克思主义收入分配理论与机会不平等理论具有一致性,这是我们进行理论创新的逻辑起点。(2)如果不考虑机会不平等因素,那么经典马克思主义收入分配理论的核心观点是成立的;但事实上,机会不平等对收入分配的影响在不同的所有制条件下都存在。(3)在我国,如果机会不平等对收入分配的负向影响大于公有制对收入分配的正向影响,那么所有制的优势将无法得到有效体现,收入分配差距扩大的趋势也将难以遏制。因此,只有切实地消除或减少各种机会不平等因素,才能充分地发挥公有制在收入分配调节中的优势作用。

The income distribution theory of classical Marx doctrine is going through the challenges of enlarging income inequality in current China.This paper introduces opportunity inequality into the Max's theory of income distribution and uses counterfactual function and Shapley decomposition to come to the following new understandings:firstly,there exists a certain consistency between Marx's theory of income distribution and the theory of opportunity inequality,which provides a logical basis for theoretical innovation;secondly,without the consideration of opportunity inequality,the core ideas of classical Marx's income distribution theory work well;but in fact,opportunity inequality has influences on income distribution under different ownership;thirdly,in China,if the negative effect of opportunity inequality on income distribution is greater than the positive impact of public ownership on income distribution,then the advantages of ownership will not be effectively reflected and it is difficult to contain the expanding trend of income inequality.Therefore,only the elimination or reduction in opportunity inequality can give full place to the advantages of public ownership in the adjustment to income distribution.