城乡公共服务差距对城乡收入差距的影响研究

A Research on the Impact of Urban-Rural Public Service Gap on Urban-Rural Income Gap

城乡基本公共服务差距不仅影响城乡居民收入差距,甚至会抵消以往为缩小城乡收入差距出台的诸多政策。文章详细剖析了城乡公共服务差距对城乡收入差距影响的作用机制,并采用静态和动态面板回归模型,多维度考察了城乡基本公共服务差距对城乡收入差距的影响,研究发现:城乡教育差距、医疗卫生差距和社会保障服务差距的扩大将显著加剧城乡收入差距。基于跨时期的研究显示,现阶段基本公共服务差距对城乡收入差距的影响更为显著;在基于区域异质性的研究中,西部地区城乡教育差距和社会保障差距对城乡收入差距的影响最为显著,而西部交通设施建设则对缓解城乡收入差距的影响最为显著。据此,文章认为各级政府必须转变发展理念,由偏向城市发展转变为城市与农村协同发展,利用"扶贫攻坚"和"乡村振兴战略",提高农村教育、医疗、社会保障和交通等基础设施的投入力度,缩小城乡基本公共服务差距,同时加大对农村人才和资本的投入,弥补农村发展短板,鼓励农村经济组织和龙头企业的示范带动作用,加强农村劳动力培训等,不断提高农民收入。

The urban-rural public service gap will not only affect the income gap between urban and rural residents,but also counteract many policies that have been put in place to reduce the income gap.This paper makes a detailed analysis of the mechanism of urban-rural public service gap on urban-rural income gap,and uses static and dynamic panel regression models to examine the impact of urban-rural basic public service gap on urban-rural income gap from multiple dimensions.The results are as follows:The widening gap of education,health care and social security services between urban and rural areas will significantly aggravate the income gap between urban and rural areas.Based on cross-period research,the impact of basic public service gap on urban-rural income gap is more significant at this stage;based on regional heterogeneity,the impact of urban-rural education gap and social security gap on urban-rural income gap in the western region is the most significant,and the impact of western transportation construction on alleviating urban-rural income gap is the most significant.In view of the research conclusions,this paper argues that governments at all levels must change their development concepts from urban development to coordinated urban and rural development,and make use of the'poverty alleviation strategy'and the'rural revitalization strategy'to increase investment in rural education,medical care,social security and transportation infrastructure,so as to narrow the gap between urban and rural basic public services.At the same time,governments at all levels should increase the investment in rural talents and capital,make up for the shortcomings of rural development,encourage rural economic organizations and leading enterprises to play a leading role in demonstration,strengthen the training of rural labor force,and so on,so as to increase farmers’income.