绿色产业政策:理论演进与中国实践

Green Industrial Policy: Theory Evolution and Chinese Practice

如何推动经济社会绿色发展是当今时代的核心议题,绿色产业政策成为了各国推行绿色发展的重要政策选择。文章基于产业政策视角对绿色产业政策理论机理进行剖析,解析中国产业绿色发展及相应政策实践中存在的问题。研究表明:(1)绿色产业政策是在绿色发展理念背景下对传统产业政策、环境政策及其相互关系的变革,其本质涉及经济模式、技术条件和制度结构的深刻调整,其核心在于推动可持续性技术突破,难点在于协调不同利益冲突,承担不确定性政策干预风险;(2)中国绿色产业政策源于协调经济发展与环境保护的实践,当前政策仍然是行政强制性环境管制手段与传统产业政策相结合的政策组合,对市场机制在其中的作用及政策之间的协调性关注不足;(3)构建与完善中国绿色产业政策体系的关键在于推动产业政策与市场机制、产业政策与环境政策的协同,结合市场机制形成发展新路径,并注重政策工具之间的协调性与互补性,建立推动政策协同的组织机制。

How to promote the green development of the economy and society is the core issue of the current era.As a new policy concept,green industrial policy is of great significance to solve the bottleneck problem faced by China’s green development.In view of this,based on the perspective of industrial policy,this paper makes a thorough analysis of the theoretical mechanism of green industrial policy,and analyzes the problems existing in the green development of China’s industry and the corresponding policy practice.The study shows that:(1)Green industrial policy is the reform of traditional industrial policy,environmental policy and their relationship under the background of green development concept;its essence involves the profound reform of the economic model,technological conditions and institutional structure,in which the core lies in promoting sustainable technological breakthroughs,and the difficulty lies in coordinating different conflicts of interests and undertaking the risk of uncertain policy intervention.However,in the current understanding of green industrial policy,whether it is industrial policy focusing on economic benefits or environmental policy focusing on internalizing the external cost of the environment,its essence cannot cover the development of green industrial policy.(2)China’s green industrial policy is rooted in the practice of solving the problem of decoupling environmental externalities from economic development,and its policy focus is still on the combination of administrative compulsory means and traditional industrial policy,with insufficient attention paid to the role of the market mechanism and the coordination between policies.(3)The key to building and perfecting China’s green industrial policy system lies in promoting the coordination of industrial policy and the market mechanism,industrial policy and environmental policy,forming a new path of development in the combination with the market mechanism,paying attention to the coordination and complementarity of policy tools,and establishing an organizational mechanism to promote policy coordination.Specifically,it is necessary to give full play to the basic role of the market,promote the direction of social change and technological innovation to reach consensus among different interest groups,and evaluate and improve the supporting projects from the two dimensions of policy system coordination and institutional system purposefulness.This paper attempts to provide guidance for the construction of the green industry policy system in line with China’s national conditions and tries to provide a theoretical basis for the policy formulation to promote China’s green development.