行政审批中心的资源配置效率研究——基于中国工业企业数据的分析

Research on the Resource Allocation Efficiency of Administrative Examination and Approval Center: An Anlysis Based on the Data of Chinese Industrial Enterprises

过度的行政管制造成的投入要素在微观企业间配置效率低下是影响中国经济运行效率的重要因素之一。文章在资源错配框架下识别了中国行政审批中心设立对经济增长的作用机制,量化了其通过影响企业资源配置效率产生的总量生产率提升效应。研究发现:(1)行政审批中心设立对企业资源配置效率的影响取决于企业的要素投入状况。在要素投入不足的企业中,行政审批中心的设立缓解了企业的要素投入扭曲,资本投入扭曲和劳动投入扭曲分别得到了2.15%和3.46%的缓解,资源配置效率提升7.61%。在要素投入过度的企业中,行政审批中心的设立恶化了企业劳动要素的投入扭曲,幅度为1.66%。(2)总体上,行政审批中心通过影响微观企业资源配置效率促进了宏观经济效率的提升。具体来看,通过影响资本和劳动要素投入对总量生产率的影响分别为0.35%和-0.83%。综合起来,行政审批中心设立在1998-2007年间对总量生产率的年均提升幅度为0.95%。(3)设立行政审批中心对资源配置效率的影响具有较强的异质性,私营企业和港澳台企业从行政审批中心的设立中获得的总量生产率提升幅度更大。文章的研究有助于识别行政审批中心通过资源配置效率影响经济增长的机制,对于中国深入推进行政审批制度改革具有重要意义。

The inefficient input of firms,caused by excessive administrative control,is one of the important factors that reduce the efficiency of China’s economic development.Under the framework of resource misallocation,this paper identifies the promotion mechanism of China’s administrative approval center for economic growth,and quantifies the effect of total productivity growth caused by the promotion of efficiency.Based on the resource misallocation theory put forward by Hsieh and Klenow(2009),this paper first measures the capital distortion and labor distortion from the firm level,and then empirically analyzes the establishment of the administrative examination and approval center,by matching the establishment information of the administrative approval center and the data of Chinese industrial enterprises.Eventually,this paper calculates out its impact on the aggregate total factor productivity.The research finds that:(1)The impact of the establishment of the administrative approval center on the efficiency of enterprise resource allocation depends on firms’input factors.In enterprises with excessive factor investment,the establishment of the administrative approval center deteriorates the capital distortion and labor distortion of firms.The marginal cost and marginal revenue gap increase by 2.41%and 105.7%,respectively.In enterprises with insufficient factor input,the establishment of the administrative approval center eases the distortion of factors,and the marginal cost and marginal revenue gap decrease by 0.004%and 2.33%,respectively.(2)In general,the administrative approval center promotes the macroeconomic efficiency by affecting the efficiency of micro-enterprise resource allocation,including capital distortion and labor distortion.Specifically,these impacts are 0.35%and-0.83%,respectively.Generally,during 1998-2007,the establishment of the administrative approval center leads to a 0.95%enhancement in aggregate total factor productivity.(3)There is strong heterogeneity in the impact,caused by the establishment of the administrative approval center,on the resource allocation efficiency.Through the reform,firms in Hongkong,Macao and Taiwan,along with private firms,can attain higher promotion in aggregate total factor productivity.This paper helps to identify how the establishment of the administrative approval center influences economic growth,which is of great significance for China to further promote the reform of the administrative approval system.